内蒙古黄河流域生态环境演变研究
[目的]内蒙古黄河流域是中国重要的生态区域,深入探究其生境质量变化及其驱动因子对区域荒漠化防治、生物多样性保护以及可持续发展具有重要意义。[方法]基于 1990-2020年土地利用数据,运用GIS技术和InVEST模型评估该区域的生境质量及其变化程度,通过地理探测器分析生境质量空间异质性的驱动因子。[结果](1)该区域土地利用类型以草地为主,其次占比面积较大的是未利用地,建设用地的扩张速率最快,其变化动态度高达 1.58%;(2)生境退化度整体空间分布为北高南低,退化度较高的区域主要集中在研究区北部,未来的生境防护工作应重点关注这些区域;(3)研究区生境质量本底较差,呈现先降低后小幅度回升的变化趋势,库布齐沙漠以及鄂尔多斯市东南部的生境质量等级最低,此处多为沙地,自然环境恶劣。生境质量发生退化的区域面积占比为 11.97%,主要集中在研究区北部和黄河两岸附近;(4)DEM、NDVI和土壤类型等自然因子的q值均大于等于 0.050,是生境质量空间分异特征的主要驱动因子,任意两种进行交互探测的因子对生境质量空间分异的解释力都要大于其单一因子的解释力。[结论]近30年内蒙古黄河流域生境质量先降低后小幅度回升,建设用地扩张迅速,土地沙化严重,未来需加大对该区域的生态建设投入。
[Objective]The Yellow River Basin in Inner Mongolia is an important Ecoregion in China.It is of great significance to explore the changes of its habitat quality and its driving factors for regional desertification control,biodiversity protection and sustainable development.[Method]Based on land use data from 1990 to 2020,GIS technology and InVEST model were used to evaluate the habitat quality and its degree of change in the region.The driving factors of spatial heterogeneity of habitat quality were analyzed through geographic detectors.[Result](1)The land use type in the region is mainly grassland,followed by unused land with a larger proportion.The expansion rate of construction land is the fastest,with a dynamic degree of change of up to 1.58%;(2)The overall spatial distribution of habitat degradation is high in the north and low in the south.The areas with high degradation are mainly concentrated in the northern part of the research area,and future habitat protection work should focus on these areas;(3)The background of the habitat quality in the study area is poor,showing a change trend of first decreasing and then slightly rising.The Kubuqi Desert and the southeast of Ordos City City have the lowest habitat quality grade,where most of them are sandy lands,and the natural environment is poor.The area of degraded habitat quality accounts for 11.97%,mainly concentrated in the northern part of the study area and near the banks of the Yellow River;(4)The q value of natural factors such as DEM,NDVI and Soil type is greater than or equal to 0.050,which is the main driving factor for the spatial differentiation of habitat quality.Any two factors that conduct interactive detection have greater explanatory power for the spatial differentiation of habitat quality than their single factor.[Conclusion]In the past 30 years,the habitat quality of the Yellow River Basin in Inner Mongolia has first decreased and then slightly rebounded.The expansion of construction land is rapid,and land desertification is severe.In the future,it is necessary to increase investment in ecological construction in the region.
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