土地利用转型下的西安市景观格局演变特征及驱动力分析

[Objective]With the rapid development of urbanization construction and the continuous growth of population number,the rapid change of land use has led to great challenges to the urban ecosystem and the quality of life of residents,and the temporal and spatial evolution of landscape pattern is the most direct embodiment of land use change,and it is also the focus and hot spot of landscape ecology research,so the research on landscape pattern evolution and its driving analysis is particularly urgent.[Methods]Taking Xi'an City,Shaanxi Province as the research area,with the help of theories of geography,landscape ecology,planning and other related disciplines,and with the support of ArcGIS,Fragstats and SPSS,the four phases of data in the study area with a time span of 30 years in 1990,2000,2010 and 2020 were classified according to the national standard GB/T 21010-2017"Classification of Land Use Status"and a land use type map was produced.Obtain land use information and calculate indicators such as land use transfer matrix,land use dynamics,and more.Secondly,the landscape index at the patch type,plate type level and landscape level was used to analyze the quantitative variation characteristics of landscape pattern in Xi'an,Shaanxi Province,and the spatial distribution of multiple landscape indices was obtained by moving window method,and the dynamic changes of landscape pattern spatial characteristics in Xi'an City in the past 30 years were analyzed in depth.Then,the main component analysis of SPSS was used to explore the influencing factors of land use landscape pattern change,and the sustainable development opinions were given based on the existing research results.[Conclusion](1)Grassland,arable land and woodland are the dominant landscape types,accounting for more than 85%of the area,52.38%of the landscape types with important ecological functions(woodland,grassland,water area),and 13%of the construction land.(2)From 1990 to 2020,land use changed significantly,cultivated land area continued to decrease,grassland area first decreased and then increased but the overall trend of reduction,forest land,water area,construction land,unused land increased,cultivated land to grassland,construction land,forest land,grassland to cultivated land and forest land,construction land,and forest land and cultivated land to grassland as the main transformation type,due to the continuous development and progress of the city,the occupation of farmland cultivated land by construction land,resulting in a gradual decrease in cultivated land.Other land types have begun to move to construction land.The process of land use change generally presents major problems such as increasingly prominent human-land contradictions and high pressure on regional land resource utilization:(3)The transfer characteristics between different landscape types are obvious,the degree of spatial aggregation is reduced,fragmentation is strengthened,the shape is more complex,the landscape dominance is reduced,and the heterogeneity is increased.(4)Socio-economic development,agricultural production and policy orientation are the main driving factors for the evolution of landscape pattern.Among them,socio-economic development is the main driving force for the transformation of cultivated land to construction land,and policy factors are the fundamental reasons for the transfer of forest land and cultivated land.