基于生态足迹的辉河保护区繁殖鹤栖息地环境承载判别分析

The breeding period is an important period for the continuation of wild animal populations,and Huihe National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia is one of the important breeding grounds for cranes.In order to identify the environmental bearing of breeding cranes(red-crowned crane,white-naped crane and eurasian crane)in the Huihe Reserve,this paper first analyzes the annual changes of ecological carrying capacity and landscape pattern changes in the past five years based on remote sensing images from 2018 to 2022,field surveys during breeding periods from 2021 to 2022,statistical yearbook and other data,combined with ecological footprint method,landscape pattern index,MaxEnt model and other methods,taking residents and breeding cranes in the Huihe Reserve as research objects.Then,the MaxEnt model was used to predict the suitable habitat of breeding cranes,and the ecological footprint of residents and the needs of crane breeding fields were used as the starting point,analyzing the environmental carrying capacity of breeding crane habitats in Huihe Nature Reserve frommultiple perspectives. The research results indicate that:(1)During the research period,the changes in land use types in the Huihe Nature Reserve showed a stable trend,and grasslands and reed swamps have always been the main landscape types in the reserve;The shape characteristics of the six patches in the protected area are relatively simple;The diversity and evenness of the landscape within the protected area have not changed significantly,and the overall connectivity has not been enhanced;(2)The average ecological footprint supply of Huihe Nature Reserve from 2018 to 2022 is 33.52 ha/person,and the ecological footprint demand is 5.92 ha/person.The ecological carrying capacity is in surplus,with an average annual surplus of 27.60 ha/person;(3)The evaluation results of the MaxEnt model have all reached an excellent level,The total suitable habitat areas for the three crane species were predicted to be 7806.63 ha and 14895.31 ha in 2021 and 2022,respectively,mainly distributed in the core area of Gaolin Wendor;(4)The 12%reed swamp area reserved for biodiversity conservation in the Huihe Nature Reserve,the surplus area of environmental carrying capacity of the reed swamp,and the suitable habitat requirements for breeding cranes predicted by the MaxEnt model all meet the actual habitat needs of breeding cranes.Further analysis shows that the current environment of the Huihe Nature Reserve can accommodate the breeding and habitat needs of three breeding cranes,and after calculation,it can accommodate at least 27 to 52 pairs of red crowned cranes,white naped cranes,and eurasian cranes each.