北陵鸢尾花部特征及繁育习性研究

Increasing attention is being paid to the conservation and use of native plant resources throughout the region,and there is a growing interest in the ornamental and economic value of native plants.The Changbai Mountains in China are the most representative and typical natural complex in the northern half of the Eurasian continent,a rare"gene pool of species"and"natural museum"in the world.Wild ornamental plant resources are abundant and distinctive,including the Iris typhifolia is a perennial herb of the genus Iris in the Iris family,its resistance to adversity is strong,is a world-renowned hosta is also a unique species in China,the development and use of wild flowering plant resources to build a garden landscape rich in regional characteristics has important significance.[Objective]Understanding the growth and developmental rhythms,flowering control and hybrid breeding of Iris typhifolia,providing excellent material for the breeding of the genus Iris and thus providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development of the plant resources of Iris in the Changbai Mountains.[Method]In this study,the local geographical advantage of Iris typhifolia was used as the test material,and the flowering phenology,flower morphological characteristics,breeding system,pollen viability and stigma pollination were investigated by fixed-point observation and hand-pollination.[Conclusion](1)Northern Iris enters the bud stage in mid to late May,enters the initial flowering stage in late May,enters the full flowering stage in early June,lasting 18 days,and enters the final flowering stage in mid to late June.Single flowering period 3-5d.single flowering period 12-16d anthers outward,immediately outside of the style branches,anthers and stigma about 1mm apart,stamens first ripe,the relative position of anthers,stigma unchanged throughout the flower opening process.Low temperature and rain,dense fog and other weather have a greater impact on the opening time of flower buds.(2)Most buds open between 5:00 and 7:00AM in sunny weather and pollen viability declines gradually with time.Pollen viability is highest on the day of flowering;pollen life is shorter and declines by the first day of flowering.Pollen viability is strongest around the time of anther dehiscence and lasts until the day after flowering.(3)The hybridization index of Iris typhifolia was 4,the pollen-ovule ratio was 322.15,and the dioeciousness indicated that the sexual breeding system of Iris typhifolia was parthenogenetic self or parthenogenetic heterozygous.Combined with the seating rate,seed number and seed set rate,the breeding system was judged to be partly self-fertile and heterozygous,requiring pollinators;the seed set rate of artificial heterozygous pollination was higher than that of natural pollination.