4种植物源杀虫剂对扶桑绵粉蚧毒力及龟纹瓢虫安全评价
Toxicity of four botanical insecticides to Phenacoccus solenopsis and safety evaluation to predator Propylaea japonica
扶桑绵粉蚧 Phenacoccus solenopsis(半翅目：粉蚧科)最早于2008年6月传入中国广州，10多年间已扩散至中国18个省区，共记录有166种寄主植物，其中棉花受害最严重。化学防治和生物防治是该虫的重要防控手段。本研究旨在探索4种植物源农药对入侵害虫扶桑绵粉蚧的毒力，评价其对龟纹瓢虫卵及成虫的安全性，为扶桑绵粉蚧的绿色防控提供理想药剂和理论依据。采用喷雾法测定4种植物源杀虫剂对3龄扶桑绵粉蚧的毒力和龟纹瓢虫卵孵化率的影响，采用滤纸接触法测定2种对扶桑绵粉蚧高效的植物源杀虫剂对天敌龟纹瓢虫成虫的毒力，并评价其对龟纹瓢虫的安全性。结果表明：4种植物源杀虫剂处理扶桑绵粉蚧3龄幼虫24h后的毒力由高到低依次为1.3质量分数，下同)苦参碱水剂(AS)(LCo为81.283 1mg•L-1)、0.5%藜芦碱可溶液剂(SL)(LC50为112.8811 mg•L-1)、2.5%鱼藤酮乳油(EC)(LC50为208.9296mg•L-1)、5%桉精油 SL(LC50为343.092 0 mg•L-1);与化学对照药剂22.4%螺虫乙酯 EC相比，相对毒力指数由高到低依次为1.3%桉参碱AS(3.302 5)、0.5%藜芦碱 SL(2.3780)、2.5%鱼藤酮 EC(1.2048)、5%桉精油 SL(0.782 4);用几种杀虫剂的田间最大推荐剂量和对扶桑绵粉蚧的LC50剂量处理龟纹瓢虫卵后，孵化率差异不显著;苦参碱 AS和藜芦碱 SL对龟纹瓢虫成虫的LC50高于对扶桑绵粉蚧的LC50；结合益害毒性比和安全系数，2种药剂对龟纹瓢虫卵和成虫安全。综上，1.3%苦参碱AS和0.5%藜芦碱SL对扶桑绵粉蚧有明显的控害作用，且对龟纹瓢虫卵和成虫的毒性较低、安全性较高，可作为扶桑绵粉蚧绿色防控的理想药剂。
Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was first introduced to Guangzhou, China in June 2008. It has spread to 18 provinces and regions in China in more than 10 years. A total of 166 host plants species of Phenacoccus solenopsis were recorded, among which cotton is the most severely affected. Chemical and biological control are important prevention and control method to insect. The study explored the toxicity of 4 kinds of botanical insecticides to the invasive pest Phenacoccus solenopsis, and evaluated their safety to the eggs and adults of Propylaea japonica, aiming to provide ideal agents and a theoretical basis for the green control of Phenacoccus solenopsis. The toxicity of the 4 kinds of botanical insecticides to the 3d instar larvae of Phenacoccus solenopsis and the eggs hatching rate of Propylaea japonica were determined by spray method. The evaluation of 2 kinds of highly effective botanical insecticides against adults of Propylaea japonica was tested by the filter paper contact method. The result showed that the toxicity of the 4 kinds of botanical insecticides to the 3rd instar larvae of Phenacoccus solenopsis treated for 24 hours was as follows: matrine1.3% (mass fraction the same as below) aqueous solution(AS)(LC50 81.283 1 mg•L-1)>veratrine 0.5% soluble concentrate(SL)(LC50 112.881 1 mg•L-1)> rotenone 2.5% emulsifiable concentrate(EC)(LCo 208.929 6 mg•L-1)> cineole 5% SL(LC50 343.092 0 mg•L-1). Compared with the chemical control agent of 22.4% spirochete ethyl ester EC, the relative toxicity index was as follows: matrine1.3% AS(3.302 5)> veratrine 0.5% SL (2.378 0)>rotenone 2.5% EC (1.204 8)> cineole 5% SL(0.782 4). There was no significant difference of hatching rate between the maximum recommended dose of the insecticides in the field and the LC50 dose to Phenacoccus solenopsis. The LC50 of matrine AS and veratrine SL to the adults of Propylaea japonica was higher than that to Phenacoccus solenopsis. Combining the benefit toxicity ratio with safety factor, the two insecticides were safe for eggs and adults of Propylaea japonica. Therefore, matrine 1.3% AS and veratrine 0.5% SL had high toxicity to Phenacoccus solenopsis and low ecological risk against Propylaea japonica, so the two insecticides were recommended as ideal agents to control Phenacoccus solenopsis.
吴洁;吴珍平;乔艳;
江西省经济作物研究所,江西九江332100;江西省经济作物研究所,江西九江332100;江西省经济作物研究所,江西九江332100;
botanical insecticides Phenacoccus solenopsis Propylaea japonica toxicity safety evaluation
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