面向森林生态系统服务权衡与协同的森林可持续管理

Forests are four reservoirs,namely water reservoir,treasury,grain depot,carbon pool.Forests provide multiple ecosystem services,which play a fundamental and strategic role in mitigating global climate change,maintaining national ecological security and promoting sustainable economic and social development.Scientific understanding of the trade-offs and synergies among forest ecosystem services is essential for realizing multiple forest benefits and sustainable forest management.However,the synergies or trade-offs among forest ecosystem services are uncertain and vary from study to study,leading to key challenges in achieving multiple forest benefits through forest management.In this study,the research status of trade-offs and synergies among forest ecosystem services is comprehensively reviewed.Specifically,existing studies mainly explores four aspects.(1)Exploring the relationships and influencing factors among forest carbon sink,timber supply,biodiversity,and forest recreation and forest ecosystem services.Natural forests have a higher synergistic effect than planted forests.Forest age,stand density,tree species composition,temperature,altitude,social preference and management policy are the main driving factors.(2)Comparing the effects of different forest management models or management measures on multiple forest ecosystems services.Sustainable management is effective in synergistically achieving multiple forest benefits.(3)The interaction between climate change and multiple forest ecosystems services depends on the type and degree of climate factors,forest type,forest management,regional environment.Future climate change scenarios released by the IPCC are the focus of current research.(4)Using InVEST,FSOS,CASA and other models to optimize forest management scenarios and explore multi-objective forest management schemes.Meanwhile,we systematically summarize the outstanding problems faced by existing research and sustainable forest management.① The formation mechanism and driving mechanism of trade-offs and synergies among multiple forest ecosystems services are still unclear.② All forest ecosystem services,forest types,and driving factors,forest management and climatic factors are not considered.③ Lack of data fusion across multiple times,spaces and scales.Forest growth dynamic processes,uncertainty and risk analysis are also not integrated into the study.④ Models for optimizing multiple services of forest ecosystems cannot be promoted can not be replicated because of the low simulation spatial accuracy,the simple operating mechanism,and the imperfect scenario.⑤ Backward forest management equipment and concepts,insufficient capital investment and scientific and technological support capabilities,low forest quality and lack of forest regeneration.⑥,Imperfect technical system of integrated forest resource management.Moreover,the paper puts forward the trends and recommendations for sustainable forest management that synergistically achieve multiple forest ecosystems services.First,establishing a Chinese modern forest management concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.Second,advocating nature-based sustainable forest managem ent.Third,implementing climate-resilient sustainable forest management.Fourth,adhering to the system concept,and accurately improving forest quality.Fifth,improving the technical regulations,standards and policy system of forest management.