Collecting and Analyzing Successful Experiences in Difficult Collision Avoidance

A recently developed safety concept called Safety-Ⅱ has gained attraction to be implemented in a variety of disciplines.Safety II aims to ensure safety through flexible response and shows promising potential applications for the maritime domain.When considering effective safety training methods for nautical students and inexperienced navigation officers,it is necessary to develop new training methods based on the concepts of Safety II.This method of implementation needs to refer to the successful maneuvering experience of ship navigators.However,attaining meaningful maneuvering experience is difficult because the experiences like near-miss cases or minor accidents are not always reported in detail.In this study,we have determined the importance of learning from successful maneuvering experiences in difficult collision avoidance situations.Keeping these points in mind,this study aims to collect and analyze successful experiences in difficult collision avoidance.This study was successful in logging many different cases of successful collision avoidance.Results suggest that there is a difference between senior and junior navigators,and precautions,special training,etc.may be required in the ordinary practice of seafarers who face high cognitive demands in actual collision avoidance situations.Results also indicate that these precautionary techniques may require more than textbooks and classrooms to successfully train seafarers.The analysis carried out in this study clearly indicates that constructing a Safety-Ⅱ-based training method can enhance young navigator proficiency to adapt to safe ship-handling even in complex situations.