植物磷素吸收机理研究进展

Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrient elements for plant growth and development.It plays an important role in plant metabolism and the synthesis,decomposition and transformation of protein,fat,carbohydrates and vitamins.It is also a major component of ATP,nucleic acid,and protein in plants.An important component of molecular substances.In agricultural and forestry production,phosphorus is a key indicator that determines soil fertility and quality,and the application of phosphate fertilizer is very important to the effectiveness of phosphorus absorption by plants.However,the source of phosphate fertilizer is a kind of phosphate ore,which is a non-renewable resource.According to estimates of world phosphate reserves,phosphate ore will be depleted in the next 50 to 100 years,but there is still a phenomenon of excessive application of phosphate fertilizer in many agricultural soils in my country.Phosphorus deficiency is the main factor limiting the production potential of crops in acid soils.In order to solve the problem of low effective phosphorus content in the soil,in the course of long-term evolution,plants have gradually formed a series of response mechanisms to maintain the level of phosphorus in the body.stable.Plants can improve the efficiency of plant absorption,transport,and phosphorus utilization by changing root architecture,inducing high-affinity phosphate transporters,forming mycorrhizal symbiosis,and inducing root secretion of organic acids and acid phosphatase.Plants generally have genotype differences in nutrient use efficiency.Therefore,exploring the phosphorus absorption characteristics of plants and their physiological and molecular mechanisms is of great significance for reducing fertilizer application,protecting the ecological environment and realizing sustainable agricultural development.This study reviewed the effects of phosphorus on plant growth and development,phosphorus fixation characteristics,yield and quality,and expounded the characteristics of high-efficiency phosphorus absorption,phosphorus physiology and molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways,and proposed screening phosphorus-efficient genes,breeding high-efficiency varieties and establishing High-efficiency utilization technology of phosphorus is a difficult problem that needs to be overcome in the future,in order to achieve high-quality and high-yield economic forest crops,and provide a certain reference for the high-efficiency utilization of phosphate fertilizer.