碳市场应用区块链技术的文献综述研究1

[Objective]Carbon markets,in particular,emission trading schemes(ETS)and carbon offset projects,are significant mechanisms of climate change mitigation.However,there are still a number of unresolved issues regarding their attractiveness and efficient functioning.Blockchain as the core of"3D's concept"(including decentralization,decarbonization and digitalization)could be considered as a candidate solution for carbon markets'improvement.[Method]A systematic literature review was conducted to identify the role of blockchain in ETS and carbon offset projects,its key features,implementation challenges and proposed applications by analyzing and discussing the content of relevant studies,grouping results into domains.[Results]The study findings show that blockchain has great potential to be adopted in carbon markets.However,there is no data of blockchain use cases in energy efficiency,chemical processes and industrial manufacturing,waste disposal,and agriculture.Blockchain-based household and transportation carbon offset projects are linked to renewables through the energy trading.Renewables and forestry are the most appropriate domains for blockchain adoption,considering various criteria of quality for carbon offset projects.[Conclusion]In addition to existing studies about possible adoption of blockchain in carbon markets,our systematic review not only considers blockchain-based emission trading schemes of compliance carbon market,but also various blockchain-led carbon offset projects of voluntary carbon market.Our study also highlights more specific features of their functioning,based on the relevant research questions.Blockchain is currently immature in carbon markets,because of its own drawbacks and challenges.The study also highlights research gaps and offers research directions to inspire researchers for conducting related investigations.