山桐子雌雄及两性花分化的形态学研究

[Objective]Combing with the observed inner microscopic structure and morphological characteristics of male,female and hermaphroditic flowers in Idesia Polycarpa,the different floral parts of them were analyzed,which provided theoretical basis for increases fruit number,and the mechanism of sex determination in I.Polycarpa.[Method]During the inflorescence and floret stage of the female,male and hermaphrodite flowers,the external morphology of these flowers were observed and photographed;technology of routine paraffin section was adopted to observe the internal structure of these flowers.[Result]1,comparing their morphologic and anatomical characteristics,carpel and stamens were all found in the early stage of floral organ development of female,male and hermaphrodite flowers,all of them were in the"bisexual stage",but after the"bisexual stage",the heterosexual organs(carpel or stamens)were into the abortion stage of male and female flowers respectively,but the hermaphrodite flowers with functional stamens and carpel.2,the female and male flowers of I.Polycarpa Maxim are type I flower,the ovules abortion of male flowers occurs at its early development stage,i.e.stage 1 of organ abortion;the stamens abortion of female flowers occurs before the tetrad formation,i.e.stage 2 of organ abortion.3,the number of sepals were mostly 4-6 pieces,the total proportion of the three sex types was 98%and 97%in the female and male flowers,the most numerous sepals were 5 pieces among the three sepals both in female and male flowers,with the proportion 54%and 53%,respectively.4,the highest floral bud differentiation position was short branch terminal bud among long branch terminal bud,long branch lateral bud,short branch terminal bud,and short branch lateral bud,both in female and male plants,and the proportion was 68.6%and 76.3%,respectively.[Conclusion]The flower initiation began in late July,the three different sexes had the same internal tissue structure at the initial differentiation period,but differences began to appear in the differentiation stage of the gynoecium and androecium,the morphology of bisexual and male flowers were similar,the stamens and pistils of bisexual flowers could development normally and bear fruits.