北京城区树种多样性及其空间差异研究
Study on Tree Species Diversity and Its Spatial Differences in Beijing City,China
城市森林被认为是城市绿色基础设施中最重要的组成部分,树种多样性无论对城市森林美学等文化服务、稳定性和韧性等支撑服务,还是对公众身心健康、热岛效应缓解等调节服务功能均有重要影响。了解城市森林的物种组成和多样性是提高城市生物多样性的关键。论文以北京市城区为研究地区,比较了二环以内(R2)、二环到三环间(R3)、三环到四环间(R4)、四环到五环间(R5)以及以郊野公园为主的城郊森林(S-U)片林中树种多样性及其差异,旨在揭示城市化过程对城市树种多样性的 影响规律。 结果表明,北京环路沿线城市森林树种有 55 属 36 科 83 种,其中,乡土树种使用量占到 86.8%,归化种使用数量占 7.0%。北京城区片林绿化树种组成有较高的同质性,毛白杨(Populus tomentoza)、国槐(Sophora japonica)、白蜡(Fraxinus spp。)、悬铃木(Platanus spp。)、白皮松(Pinus bungeana)、油松(Pinus tabuliformis)、圆柏(Juniperus chinensis)、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)和栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)是重要值和使用频率较高的树种,重要值普遍大于 10,每个树种的使用率在 4.0%以上。在观赏功能多样性上,北京城区以观叶为主,观花树种仅占 44.6%,常绿树种只有 11 种。城市森林树种多样性在空间上有显著差异,综合 7 个生物多样性指数,R5 最高、R3其次、S-U 最低;综合 2 个均匀度指数,R2 和 R5 较低,R3、R4 和 S-U 普遍较高,这与 R3 的城市森林建设时间长、R5 的城市森林建设采用树种较丰富密切相关。
[Objective]Urban Forest is considered to be the most important part of urban green infrastructure.The diversity of tree species has an important impact on cultural services such as urban forest aesthetics,on supporting services such as stability and resilience of urban forest,as well as regulating services such as public physiological and mental health and mitigation of heat island.The aim of the study is to understand the species composition and diversity of urban forest in the capital city Beijing of China.[Method]Taking Beijing city as research area,species diversity of urban forests and its spatial variances were compared among within the 2nd ring(R2),from the 2nd ring to the 3rd ring(R3),from the 3rd ring to the 4th ring(R4),the 4th ring to the 5th rings(R5)and suburban forest(S-U)mainly country parks so that the effects of urbanization process on urban tree species diversity were to be revealed in the paper.[Result]The results show that there are 55 genera and 36 families and 83 species in the research area,of which 86.8%and 7.0%of utilized tree species are native and localized species.The high homogeneity in composition of greening tree species in woodlands in research area had been found.And the species of poplar(Populus tomentosa),locust(Sophora japonica),ash(Fraxinus spp.),sycamore(Platanus spp.),white bark pine(Pinus bungeana),Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis),Chinese juniper(Juniperus chinensis),black locust(Robinin pseudoacacia)and Koelreuteria paniculata have higher important values and higher frequency of utilization comparing with others,and significant values of these tree species are ranked as top 10,utilization rate per tree species was more than 4.0%.In terms of the diversity of ornamental function traits,tree species with leaf enjoyment are mainly dominated species while flowering tree species is only 44.6%and evergreen species is only 11.[Conclusion]Spatial difference of the tree species diversity in urban forest was found.The tree species diversity in R5 was the highest,followed by R3,and was the lowest in S-U by synthesizing the 5 biodiversity indices.The tree species evenness in R2 and R5 were lower than that in R3,R4 and S-U,which is closely related to urban forests established for long time in R3 and to urban forest established with richness tree species in R5.
Parsa Mushtaqa;Xu Chengyanga;Xina Zhanga;
School of Forestry,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,China);School of Forestry,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,China);School of Forestry,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,China);
urban forest tree species composition ornamental traits diversity Beijing
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