Future Roadmap for Forest Landscape Restoration

Forests provide chances to provide ecosystem services that are essential to biodiversity and human well-being as urban populations grow.Our goal is to deliberately increase urban forests so that everyone in our global communities—especially the most vulnerable—can have happier,healthier,and richer lives.Urban tree cover delivers an array of ecosystem services,including air pollutant reduction stormwater runoff reduction,building energy savings from reduced heating and cooling costs,and the associated avoided carbon emissions from reduced energy use and carbon dioxide sequestration.A benefit of providing these services with trees is the low energy cost due to solar radiation,via the process of photosynthesis,powering tree structure and function.The additional energy inputs needed for tree management are a real cost,but something that can be incorporated into green jobs,education,and outreach programs.Because of the negative consequences of ecosystem degradation,forest landscape restoration(FLR)should be incorporated into international sustainability agendas.Because FLR operates within complex socio-ecological systems,the path to successful FLR implementation faces various biophysical,socioeconomic,and governance hurdles.Globally,forest landscape restoration(FLR)is crucial to reducing a variety of social and environmental issues brought on by deforestation and landscape degradation.Although the urgent need to restore biodiversity and ecological functioning is widely acknowledged throughout many forest landscapes,there appears to be a disconnect between political promises and practical ground-level activities.Global trade and consumption trends continue to be significant contributors to land degradation.As an alternative,market dynamics might be changed to have a net positive impact on land use change as opposed to a negative one,providing creative methods to encourage and fund FLR.To develop best practices and efficient policies,it is crucial to comprehend the present market processes that fund FLR.We review and explore FLR problems in this paper's context of global environmental change.The roadmap provides an iterative and adaptive framework for evaluating and improving FLR techniques and outcomes over time.