中白农业科技创新合作论坛
基本信息
China-Belarus International Agricultural Science and Technology Cooperation and Innovation Forum
1
陕西省杨凌示范区
2023-05-23
2023-05-23
中国农学会;丝绸之路农业教育科技创新联盟;上合组织农业技术交流培训示范基地
西北农林科技大学;杨凌示范区管委会;陕西省科学技术协会;中国作物学会栽培专业委员会
会议论文集/摘要集
1. Sowing Date Regulates the Growth and Yield of Broomcorn Millet(Panicum miliaceum L.):From Two Different Ecological Sites on the Loess Plateau of China
摘要： [Objective]In order to investigate the relationship between sowing date and millets photosynthesis,fluorescence,yield and seed size with meteorological factors in different ecological sites.[Method]Four millet varieties of Shaanmei No.1(V1),Yumei No.2(V2),Black mei(V3)and Jinshu No.5(V4)were used to design 4(Yulin,single cropping in spring sowing area)/3(Baoji,summer sowing area replanting)sowing dates,record the light,temperature and water conditions during each growth period,and measure the photosynthesis and fluorescence effects of flag leaves,and analyze the agronomic traits,yield and grain size,and compare the effects of sowing dates on broomcorn millet growth and development in different ecological sites and the key meteorological factors that affect them.[Result]Sowing dates had significant effects on the leaf net photosynthesis(Pn)and chlorophyll fluorescence and multivariate analysis showed that the effects of variety,sowing date,measuring stage and their interactions were significant in both sites.The days from seeding to maturity were strongly decreased(6-35 d)and the ratios of reproductive growth to vegetative growth were increased in V2 and V4 and decreased in V1 and V3 in Baoji and increased in all varieties in Yulin.The highest yield was Jinshu 5 in Baoji and Shaanmei 1 in Yulin,and the total average yield of Yulin(2408.3 kg ha-1)was higher than that of Baoji(1385.2 kg ha-1)and the average yield was reduced by 12.4%and 27.2%compared to BJ1 in Baoji and 15.5%,3.6%and 12.7%compared to YL1 in Yulin.Correlation analysis showed that the key meteorological factors which limit the growth and yield of broomcorn millet were different for the two sites.The optimal yield combinations were V1(May 10),V2(June 10),V3(June 25)and V4(June 25)in Yulin,and were V1(June 4),V2(June 14),V3(June 4)and V4(June 14)in Baoji,respectively.Moreover,linear fitting analysis indicated that the accumulated temperature and the number of growth days in the reproductive growth stage(R2 = 0.5306 and 0.5139)and accumulated temperature during the whole growth period(R2 = 0.4323)were the top three factors affecting the yield in Baoji and precipitation(R2 = 0.386)affected the yield in Yulin.Overall,the results of this study determined that the varieties of broomcorn millet with a short growth period should have delayed sowing,while those with a longer growth period are suitable for early sowing in the semi-arid area.
发布时间：2024-06-13
2. Biochar amendment has stronger effects than fertilizer regimes on the bacterial community structure and ecological processes in broomcorn millet field on the Loess Plateau
摘要： [Objective]Soil in the Loess Plateau is poor and vulnerable to erosion and degradation.Herein,we investigated the effects of biochar amendment(C)combined with N fertilizer(N150)and 30%organic manure replacing N fertilizer(NO30)on the soil in the Loess Plateau,with the aim of improving bulk soil and rhizosphere nutrient levels,bacterial community structure,ecological network,and assembly process in a broomcorn millet agroecosystem.[Method]A field trial was conducted using six treatments:N0,N150,NO30,N0+C,N150+C,and NO30+C.[Result]The results revealed that compared to no fertilizer and no biochar treatments,the addition of N fertilizer,organic manure substitution,and biochar amendment increased the nutrient contents of bulk soil and rhizosphere.Compared with no fertilizer,the NO30 treatment significantly improved the observed operational taxonomic units(OTUs)of rhizosphere soil at the jointing and flowering stages,whereas the N150 treatment significantly reduced the observed OTUs of bulk soil and rhizosphere at the jointing stage and those of bulk soil at the flowering stage.Meanwhile,compared with no biochar addition,biochar amendment increased the observed OTUs of bulk soil and rhizosphere.Furthermore,compared to fertilizer regimes,biochar amendment had a stronger effect on bacterial community composition and structure.Fertilizer regimes(N150 and NO30)had a lower network complexity than that of the no fertilizer regimes,whereas the N150+C treatment had the most complex network.The bacterial assembly after biochar amendment was a more deterministic process than that after the fertilization regimes.More importantly,NH4+-N in the bulk soil and rhizosphere was the major factor shaping the bacterial diversity,structure,and assembly process in the broomcorn millet agroecosystem.[Conclusion]Overall,biochar amendment has stronger effects than fertilizer regimes on the bacterial community structure and ecological processes in broomcorn millet field,this study provided valuable information for the sustainable development of dryland agriculture in the Loess Plateau.
发布时间：2024-06-13
3. Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer change the quality of waxy and non-waxy broomcorn millet(Panicum miliaceum L.)starch.
摘要： [Objective]Fertilization had significant effect on the quality and function of starch.However,there are rarely studies on the effects of biochar and its combined application with nitrogen fertilizer on starch quality.Therefore,research on the effects of biochar,nitrogen fertilizer,and their combination on the starch quality of waxy and non-waxy broomcorn millet was conducted in response to the rising demand for natural starch in the food industry.[Method]The morphology,particle size distribution,light transmission,amylose content,pasting properties,thermal properties and correlation analysis of broomcorn millet were measured and analyzed to illustrate the effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilization on the starch properties of waxy and non-waxy broomcorn millet.[Result]The results showed that,in comparison to the control,all treatments decreased amylose and gelatinization temperature,and enhanced starch transparency and swelling power,without substantially altering the morphology and short-range ordered structure of starch.Also,biochar can improve the water solubility of starch and the gelatinization enthalpy.Consistently,the combination of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer increased proportion of A-granules,final viscosity,setback viscosity and peak viscosity.Importantly,nitrogen or biochar alone improved the starch breakdown viscosity and final viscosity of the waxy broomcorn millet type.[Conclusion]The N150+B treatment showed the most significant improvement in the quality of broomcorn millet starch of both varieties.The results of this study lay a foundation for the application and popularization of millet starch in food and non-food industries.
发布时间：2024-06-13
4. Functional,thermal,and digestive properties of cereal and leguminous proteins from ten crop varieties
摘要： [Objective]Protein,next only to starch,is the second-biggest food component that plays a vital role in food structures and properties.Compared with the animal protein,plant protein gets more popular for its lower production cost,higher availability and environment friendliness.However,owning the disadvantages of low solubility,low digestibility and poor elevated temperature resistance,the utilization of plant protein is still insufficient.In view of this,it is necessary to have a deep and comprehensive research on the properties of plant protein.[Method]This paper studied the functional,thermal and digestive properties of 10 types of crop proteins,isolated by isoelectric precipitation.What's more,it conducted the factor analysis and correlation analysis to demonstrate respectively the weights and relevancy of various properties.[Result]It was found that for cereal protein,it had higher water and fat holding capacity(1.05 g/g-2.10 g/g,2.82 g/g-4.86 g/g),while leguminous protein kept protein content(24.02%-46.74%),peak temperature(79.77℃-88.59℃),solubility(27.71%-82.03%),FC(16.44%-32.86%),EAI(42.81%-48.64%),and digestibility(50.56%-89.95%)in a high level.[Conclusion]Thereby,crop proteins possessed excellent properties which could be promising material for extensive application in food industry.
发布时间：2024-06-13
5. Nitrogen fertilizer affect starch synthesis to define non-waxy and waxy proso millet quality
摘要： [Objective]Understanding the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the quality of proso millet is key to expanding the use of this crop to address water scarcity and food security.Therefore,this study determined the impact of nitrogen fertilization on the proso millet quality.[Method]The two varieties of proso millet used in the present study were waxy(W139)and non-waxy(N297).Four N treatments were conducted as follows:0(N0),90(N1),180(N2),and 270(N3)kg/hm2 N.The amylose,amylopectin biosynthesis activities,nitrogen metabolic enzymes activities,appearance,nutritional and cooking quality of proso millet were analyzed under four nitrogen levels.[Result]The results of this study showed that increasing nitrogen fertilization significantly decreased the appearance quality.After applying nitrogen fertilizer,the w139 variety exhibited an increase in the proportion of short amylopectin chains,disordered structure,resulting in an increase in setback viscosity and decrease in pasting temperature.In contrast,the n297 variety exhibited a larger proportion of long amylopectin chains and hydrophobic functional groups,strengthening the inter-and intramolecular forces of the starch colloids.These factors increased peak viscosity and reduced breakdown viscosity,thus improving the cooking quality of the n297 variety.Compared with the n297 variety,the w139 variety had a lower amylose content and number of functional groups,resulting in lower pasting temperature and peak viscosity and higher breakdown viscosity.Nitrogen fertilization has varying impacts on the quality traits of different proso millet.Notably,the amylose content of the w139 variety first increased,reaching a maximum after 20 d,and then decreased,while that of the n297 variety consistently increased.[Conclusion]These findings provide new insight into starch synthesis pathways in waxy and non-waxy varieties of proso millet,forming the basis for future studies.
发布时间：2024-06-13
6. Effects of biochar coupled with chemical and organic fertilizer application on physicochemical properties of common buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)starch
摘要： [Objective]The aim of the study was to assess the effect of varied combinations of chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer,and biochar treatment on the physicochemical properties of starch.[Method]Here,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of combinations of chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer,and biochar treatment on the physicochemical properties of starch.[Result]Results showed that the combined chemical and organic fertilizer applications increased the amylose content of starch and reduced its light transmittance,solubility,swelling potential,and relative crystallinity and gelatinization enthalpy compared with chemical fertilizer alone.The optimized co-application of chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer,and biochar significantly increased amylose content,transmittance,solubility,and swelling power of starch and decreased starch granule size,relative crystallinity,pasting temperature,and gelatinization enthalpy of starch compared with the combination of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer.[Conclusion]Overall,the combination of 80%nitrogen from chemical fertilizer,10%nitrogen from organic fertilizer,and 10%nitrogen from biochar produced common buckwheat starch with desirable physicochemical properties for food and non-food applications.
发布时间：2024-06-13
7. QTL mapping for plant height and stalk sugar content in sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench]31
摘要： [Objective]The determination of plant height and stalk sugar content is vital when evaluating the yield and quality of sorghum.As a crop with a high biological yield,sorghum is an ideal candidate for use in both livestock feed and biofuel production.Further research focused on the QTL localization of these traits is essential for a better understanding of the intricate molecular genetic mechanisms that are responsible for these complex traits in sorghum.[Method]To investigate the phenotypic variation of plant height,sugar content,and other related traits in sorghum,we conducted a six-environment field trial utilizing a RIL population consisting of 252 lines,which derived from the cross between the dwarf non-sweet variety LR625 and tall sweet variety RIO.We employed coefficient of variation,correlation analysis,cluster analysis,principal component analysis,and F-value evaluation of the affiliation function to analyze the correlation and genetic variation levels of plant height and sugar content.QTL mapping for plant height and stalk sugar content was performed using the complete interval mapping method.[Result]In this study,plant height and sugar content were measured in twelve environments over a period of six years.The average plant height of RIL populations ranged from 78.50 to 450.00 cm and the average sugar content ranged from 0.30 to 35.10%.Correlation analysis showed that sorghum plant height was significantly and positively correlated with sugar content.A total of 28 QTL loci were detected,located on chromosomes 1,4,5,6,7,and 8.17 QTL for plant height were identified,and each QTL could explain 4.89%-29.28%of the phenotypic variation;11 QTL for stalk sugar content were identified.Each QTL explained 5.94%-10.69%of the phenotypic variation.Where qPH2.1,qPH3.1,and qBr2.1 were detected in at least three environments.The main effect QTL controlling plant height(qPH7.2.1,qPH7.3.1,qPH7.3.2,qPH7.3.3)overlapped with the main effect QTL controlling sugar content(qBx7.2.1)on chromosome 7.[Conclusion]A total of 28 QTL related to sorghum plant height and sugar content were detected,12 of which were dominant QTL,4 of which were detected repeatedly in multiple environments.
发布时间：2024-06-13
8. A comprehensive evaluation of regional experimental proso millet(Panicum miliaceum L.)varieties based on GYT biplot analysis
摘要： [Objective]To scientifically evaluate the adaptability,high yield,and stable yield of proso millet varieties tested in national regions,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the rational distribution of varieties and regional planning.[Methods]Correlation analysis and GYT biplot technique were used to comprehensively evaluate the agronomic traits and yield of 20 varieties of 15 pilot millet varieties in the national regional experiment from 2019 to 2020,including growth periods,plant height,node numbers,main spike length,grain weight per ear,thousand-grain weight.[Results]The correlation analysis showed that yield of non-waxy proso millet was positively correlated with the number of growing periods(P<0.001),negatively correlated with the number of node numbers(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with the main spike length(P<0.001).Plant height was positively correlated with growth periods and main spike length(P<0.01),and the number of node numbers and thousand-grain weight were significantly positively correlated(P<0.001).In waxy proso millet,the yield was significantly positively correlated with growth periods and thousand-grain weight(P<0.001),and significantly negatively correlated with main spike length(P<0.001).Plant height was significantly positively correlated with growing periods,main spike length and thousand-grain weight(P<0.05),and growing periods were significantly positively correlated with plant height and thousand-grain weight(P<0.05).In the correlation analysis between yield and trait combination,all combination traits were significantly positively correlated(P<0.05).The GT biplot of non-waxy and waxy proso millet explained 61.81%and 69.96%of the interaction effect,and the correlation of agronomic traits was basically consistent with the correlation heat map.The GYT biplot technique was used to analyze the correlation between yield and trait combination of the tested varieties,and all the combination traits was significantly positively correlated(P<0.05).According to the ideal index evaluation of the tested varieties,Yi 11-02-92-4,0515-2-2,Gu 19-63,Yi 11-03-3-2-2,and Yi 8430-2-3-3 were excellent varieties with yield and character combinations.The comprehensive performance of Chimi 3,Xinong 2018-N02,Xinong 2018-N10,Y1660,Gu 15-173,and Xinong 18-W06 was poor.Compared with other tested varieties,Yi 11-02-92-4 and 0515-2-2 have more extensive adaptability and better yield in different growing areas,showing absolute regional yield advantage,and having broad promotion prospects.[Conclusion]GYT biplot is an effective method for the scientific evaluation of glutinous millet varieties because of its high reliability.The no-waxy proso millet with better performance was Yi 11-02-92-4,suitable for planting in the spring proso millet area of Northeast China and the spring and summer proso millet area of Loess Plateau.The waxy proso millet variety with better overall performance is 0515-2-2,which is suitable for planting in the spring proso millet area of northern China and the spring and summer proso millet area of Loess Plateau.
发布时间：2024-06-13
9. Microbial carbon and nitrogen limitations with mulching of proso millet fields on the Loess Plateau:evidence from soil ecoenzymatic stoichiometry
摘要： [Objective]Mulching measures can regulate soil properties;however,the effects on metabolic limitations are poorly understood,especially on the Loess Plateau.[Method]We conducted field experiments to compare three techniques:flat planting with no mulching(TP),ridge-furrow mulching system(RF),and plastic film mulching(PFM).Soil extracellular enzymatic stoichiometry and physicochemical properties of three growth periods(jointing,flowering,and maturity)of proso millet(Panicum miliaceum L.)were measured to investigate microbial metabolic limitations and the relationship with soil moisture,temperature,and nutrients in three regions of the Loess Plateau(Guyuan city,Huining county,and Yulin city).[Result]The results show that compared with TP,PFM and RF techniques increased soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),ammonium nitrogen(NO3--N),and nitrate nitrogen(NH4+-N)during the jointing period,but the levels decreased during the flowering period.When compared with TP,the activities of C-,N-,P-acquiring enzymes were 29.02%,33.68%,and 19.46%when using PFM,and 13.78%,6.81%,and 6.52%higher when using RF.Compared with TP treatment,RF treatment significantly increased the carbon metabolism limitation during the jointing,flowering and maturity periods of proso millet in the three regions,and also improved the nitrogen metabolism limitation during the jointing and flowering periods of proso millet in the Huining and Yulin regions.Linear regression analysis showed that pH,SOC,and NH4+-N contents significantly affected carbon limitation,and nitrogen limitation was gradually alleviated with increases in SOC,TN,and NO3--N contents in proso millet farmland soils.Structural equation model showed that soil moisture and nutrients differed significantly among the regions,and soil temperature positively regulated the soil nutrients.Mulching significantly improved the carbon limitation owing to increased soil temperature and moisture.[Conclusion]These results provide important ideas for nutrient cycling and microbial metabolism of broomcorn millet farmland soil under mulching measures on the Loess Plateau.
发布时间：2024-06-13
10. Comprehensive evaluation of foxtail millet varieties based on grey correlation degree,DTOPSIS and situational decision-making method
摘要： [Objective]Foxtail millet(Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.),as a cultivar of the genus Dogwood(Setaria Beauv)of the family Gramineae(Gramineae),have significant drought and water conservation and barrenness tolerance and balanced nutritional health effects,and are a strategic reserve crop for drought resistance and a pioneer crop for rural revitalization in China at present.Most of the summer foxtail millet areas in North China belong to the resowing foxtail millet area,which is limited by the biannual cultivation system,the foxtail millet fertility time is short,and many varieties in production still cannot reach the normal maturity requirements.Therefore,screening simple and effective evaluation methods to accurately evaluate the comprehensive traits of existing varieties and recommending a number of new foxtail millet varieties with excellent comprehensive traits is one of the urgent problems to be solved in the production of North China summer foxtail millet area.[Method]This study uses the gray correlation degree,DIOPSIS and DIOPSIS respectively.Using the situational decision-making method,the 8 main characters of the 25 new foxtail millet varieties promoted nationwide were evaluated by weighted correlation degree,Ci value and Ki value.[Result]The results showed that the top five cultivars according to the grey correlation value were Yugu 18,Changnong 47,Changnong 35,Yugu 35 and Jiugu 23;according to the Ci values of the 25 cultivars,the top five foxtail millet cultivars were Yugu 18,Yugu 18,and Jiugu 23.Jigu 39,Yugu 35,Chaogu 58,Jiugu 23;the top five varieties ranked according to the weighted comprehensive effect ki value of each participating variety are Yugu 18,Jigu 39,Yugu 35,Chaogu 58,Kutani 23.Combining the three decision-making methods,the ranking of 4 varieties including Yugu 18,Yugu 35,Jigu 39 and Jiugu 23 is basically the same,and the comprehensive evaluation order of other varieties is different.All three evaluation methods can objectively evaluate the comprehensive and excellent characteristics of foxtail millet varieties,but the grey situation decision method is simple,accurate and easy to operate.[Conclusion]According to the agronomic characters and yield characters of each cultivar,the suitable high-yielding cultivars in the summer valley area of North China were preliminarily screened as Yugu 18,Yugu 35,Jigu 39 and Jiugu 23.The gray situation decision method has a simple calculation process and better results among the three methods.
发布时间：2024-06-13
11. Boron alleviates the aluminum toxicity in buckwheat by regulating antioxidant defense system and maintaining osmotic balance
摘要： [Objective]Aluminum(Al)toxicity in acidic soils has become a serious environmental problem worldwide.Boron can help plants mitigate aluminum phytotoxicity in acidic soils,but its underlying mechanism in buckwheat remains completely unknown.[Method]the buckwheat germination and greenhouse pot experiments were carried out under the conditions of four Al concentrations(0,5,10,and 15 mM)and four boron concentrations(0,10,30,and 50 μM).The root length,plant height,root weight,shoot weight,antioxidant enzyme activity,MDA,osmotic adjustment substance content,photosynthetic pigment content,root activity were determined during two growth stages.This research aimed to investigate the mitigation effect of exogenous boron on the Al toxicity of buckwheat and reveal the mechanism from the aspects of growth characteristics,antioxidant enzyme system,and osmotic regulation.[Result]Al toxicity in acidic soils could cause damage to the buckwheat root system,inhibit root elongation,reduce root activity,reduce the leaf photosynthetic pigment content,and eventually lead to a reduction in buckwheat biomass.Boron treatment with different concentrations could reduce the Al3+ concentration in the root,regulate the antioxidant enzyme activity and the osmotic adjustment substance content,reduce the membrane lipid peroxidation and MDA content,reduce the damage to the root system,improve the root activity,and promote the growth and development of the root system and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves,thereby enhance the tolerance of buckwheat to Al toxicity,and the biomass of the plant can be significantly increased.[Conclusion]Different levels of boron treatment increased the tolerance of buckwheat root and leave to Al toxicity,and had a promoting effect on the growth of buckwheat.Therefore,applying boron is a promising green remediation technique to improve crop tolerance in Al-contaminated acidic soil.
发布时间：2024-06-13
12. QTL mapping for hull color identified one major QTL through four different phenotyping methods in Foxtail millet27
摘要： [Objective]Foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.)is a highly nutritious crop with significant value,especially in arid and semi-arid regions.Hull color is a crucial characteristic that helps assess the nutritional value and economic potential of foxtail millet.However,since the color is a complex trait,accurately and efficiently identifying hull color is not possible through a single detection method alone.Additionally,the genetic mechanisms governing hull color in foxtail millet are not yet fully comprehended.As such,the objective of the present study is to unravel the genetic mechanism behind hull color in foxtail millet.[Method]The F6 recombinant inbred line population(RIL),consisting of 250 families generated from the crossing of Yugu 18 and Hongjiugu,was chosen as the focus of this study.To analyze the quantitative trait locus(QTL)associated with hull color in foxtail millet,four phenotypic detection methods(I:grouping method,II:visual colorimetry method,III:Lab-based method,IV:RGB-based method)were utilized in four different environments.Additionally,we chose a RIL line with a light yellow hull(LY)and another with dark yellow hull(DY)for RNA sequencing analysis at three distinct stages.[Result]Our analysis using the four phenotypic detection methods identified a total of 36 QTL associated with hull color.Among these QTLs,13 QTLs were repeatedly mapped in multiple environments,with four major QTL(R2≥10%)and nine minor QTL explaining 1.09%to 69.63%of the phenotypic variation.By conducting RNA sequencing analysis,we identified 3183 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)related to hull color.Previous studies suggested that it was found that lignin metabolism and flavonoids are important factors that affect hull color.We obtained 43 and 11 DEGs from the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway pathways,respectively.[Conclusion]The results of this study lay a foundation for further cloning of hull color genes,and help to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of foxtail millet hull color synthesis.
发布时间：2024-06-13
13. Why continuous cropping obstacles occur and how to alleviate it:A review and future perspectives
摘要： [Background]Agricultural intensification has greatly increased food production,addressing the problem of food demand created by the dramatic increase in global population and consumption levels.At the same time,it also poses severe challenges to the agricultural ecosystem owing to long-term monoculture and excessive inputs of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.The continuous cropping obstacles caused by long-term monoculture lead to the soil micro-ecological system deteriorating and crop yield reduction,which seriously hinder agricultural green and sustainable development.The occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles is the result from the interaction of multiple factors,which is deserved in-depth study.[Method]Therefore,we systematically review the literature to explore the main factors of continuous cropping obstacles to bring about a comprehensive landscape for better understanding the effects of these factors on root-shoot growth and yield.[Result]These factors include accumulation of self-toxic substances,decreased soil enzyme activity,imbalance of microbial community structure,and deterioration of physicochemical properties.At the same time,we also propose effective strategies for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and improving crop yield.Such strategies include multiple crop rotations to increase temporal and chemical diversity of plants,application of various fertilizers to improve the soil structure,introduction of beneficial microorganisms to inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria,and the use of physical,chemical and biological methods to disinfect soil,thus alleviating soil degradation,yield decline,and weeds pests and diseases aggravation caused by continuous cropping.
发布时间：2024-06-13
14. Effects of selenium solution on the crystalline structure,pasting and rheological properties of common buckwheat starch
摘要： [Objective]Selenium is an important element that affects human growth and development,and also affects the yield and quality of common buckwheat.The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of different selenium solutions on the physicochemical properties of common buckwheat starch.[Method]Two common buckwheat varieties were sprayed with different concentrations(0 g/hm2,5 g/hm2,20 g/hm2)of sodium selenite solution at the initial flowering period and the full flowering period.[Result]With increasing selenium levels,the amylose content,peak viscosity,breakdown,relative crystallinity,pasting temperature and gelatinization enthalpy first decreased and then increased,while the transparency showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing.All samples exhibited a typical A-type pattern,while at high selenium level,the degree of short-range order of common buckwheat starches changed.From the rheological properties,it can be seen that the starch paste is dominated by elastic properties,while the low selenium treatment decreases the viscosity of the starch paste.[Conclusion]These results showed that spraying different concentrations of selenium solutions at different periods significantly affected the physicochemical properties of common buckwheat starch.
发布时间：2024-06-13
15. The effects of mixing coarse grains-wheat flour complex on the quality of steamed bread(Mantou)and protein-starch interaction
摘要： [Objective]Coarse grains contain essential proteins,fiber,minerals and vitamins needed for human growth and health,but the lack of gluten in coarse grains leads to poor processing performance of staple food products.[Method]In this study,30%coarse grain flours(rye,proso millet,buckwheat,and pea)were added to wheat flour to study their effects on flour properties,gluten-starch interactions,and texture characteristics of steamed bread.[Result]The results showed that the SH-free content of wheat-grain mixed dough decreased,while the contents of SH-total and S-S between molecules increased.The hardness of coarse grain-wheat mixed steamed bread was higher than that of wheat steamed bread(4.06 N),while the springiness was lower than that of wheat steamed bread(6.5 mm).In addition,the partial replacement of wheat flour by coarse grain flour had little effect on the appearance and texture characteristics of steamed breads.Based on these results,a schematic model was proposed to describe the interaction between proteins and starch in the mixed dough.[Conclusion]This study provides a basis for the application of coarse grains in steamed breads(Mantou),and promotes the processing and utilization of coarse grains.
发布时间：2024-06-13
16. Predicting and mapping of major QTL for hull color using inheritance model and a high-density genetic map in foxtail millet(Setaria italica(L.)P.Beauv.)
摘要： [Background]Hull color is an important morphological marker for color selection in seed production of foxtail millet.However,the molecular mechanism for hull color is unknown.[Results]An F7 recombinant inbred line(RIL)population containing 215 lines derived from Hongjiugu×Yugu18 was employed to analyze inheritance and detect QTL for four hull color traits using major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model analysis and the composite interval mapping(CIM)in four environments.Genetic analysis revealed that hull color L* value(HCL*)was controlled by two major genes plus additive polygenes,hull color a* value(HCa*)was controlled by three major genes,hull color b* value(HCb*)was controlled by two major genes plus polygenes,and hull color C* value(HCC*)was controlled by four major genes.A high-density genetic linkage map covering 1227.383 cM of the foxtail millet genome,with an average interval of 0.879 cM between adjacent bin markers,was constructed using 1420 bin markers.Based on the genetic linkage map and the phenotypic data,a total of 39 QTL were detected for these four hull color traits across four environments,and each explaining 1.50%-49.20%of the phenotypic variation.Of them,six environmentally stable major QTL colocalizations for multiple hull color traits played a major role in hull color,containing 556 annotated genes.Via the function of homologous genes in Arabidopsis and KEGG and GO gene annotation,five genes were preferentially predicted as candidate genes for further study.[Conclusions]This is the first study to use inheritance model and QTL mapping in the the genetic mechanisms of hull color trait in foxtail millet.Six environmentally stable major QTL were identified.Five potential candidate genes were predicted to be associated with hull color.The results advance the current understanding of the genetic mechanisms of hull color trait in foxtail millet and provide additional resources for application in genomics assisted breeding and potential isolation and functional characterization of the candidate genes.
发布时间：2024-06-13
17. Allelic variation distribution of vernalization and photoperiod genes in wheat from Central Asian countries
摘要： [Objective]Identification of vernalization and photoperiod genes in wheat from Central Asian countries provides theoretical foundation for introduction and reasonable selection of parental materials.[Method]65 wheat germplasm were detected by molecular markers of vernalization genes Vrn-A1,Vrn-B1,Vrn-D1 and Vrn-B3,and photoperiod gene Ppd-A1,Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1.[Result]The results showed that distribution frequencies of Vrn-D1,Vrn-A1,Vrn-B1,Vrn-B3b and vrn-A1/vrn-B1/vrn-D1/vrn-B3 were 12.31%,6.15%,44.62%,1.54%and 46.2%,respectively.Four polymorphisms were identified at Ppd-D1 locus,forming 10 haplotypes(Ppd-D1_Hapl_I-Ppd-D1_Hapl_X).Among them,the haplotype Ppd-D1_Hapl-I was dominant,with the distribution frequency of 56.9%.At Ppd-B1 site,55 wheat germplasm were detected for the photoperiod sensitive Ppd-B1b and 10 wheat germplasm did not have PCR amplification bands.All germplasm at Ppd-A1 site were photoperiod sensitive Ppd-A1b.[Conclusion]The vernalization and photoperiod gene types and their distribution of wheat from Central Asian countries were clarified to promote the effective use of foreign resources in wheat breeding in China.
发布时间：2024-06-13
18. Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Candidate Genes for Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Common Wheat
摘要： [Background]Drought and water shortage seriously threaten wheat production and render many land resources unusable fo r cultivation,thereby significantly restricting the development potential of wheat production.Therefore,the most effective measures to investigate the potential of wheat production include investigating genes associated with drought resistance and water-saving,as well as carrying out drought-resistant and water-saving breeding in wheat.[Method]In this study,275 wheat natural populations were planted under three water conditions(well-watered,water-limited,and rain-fed),and the drought-resistant traits including fractional vegetation cover(FVC),canopy temperature(CT),SPAD(measured by SPAD 502 plus meter),YPFD(Yield Photon Flux Density),and CID(carbon isotope discrimination)were investigated during the important growth stages of the common wheat,including the seedling,anthesis,milk stage,and maturity stages,genome-wide association analysis was conducted using CID.[Result]The results showed that under the three different water conditions,except for the seedling vegetation coverage with a larger coefficient of variation in the rain-fed environment(57.87),the overall coefficient of variation for the other traits was normal,ranging from 2.48 to 29.64.The coefficient of variation of CID in the WW,WL,and RF environments was 2.88,5.54,and 4.06,respectively,with a small variation range.GWAS of CID identified 233 SNP loci significantly associated with leaf CID under the three environments,distributed on chromosomes 1A,2A,3A,3B,4A,5A,and 7A.These SNP loci explained the phenotype variation associated with the three environments and BLUE,ranging from 2.14 to 9.97(WW),2.56 to 8.3(WL),1.43 to 9.25(RF),and 1.27 to 2.15(BLUE).[Conclusion]Further analysis identified five candidate genes that encode peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase,MATE family protein,cation-chloride cotransporter gene,SRO protein,and flavin-containing monooxygenase.This result enriches the genetic resources for drought resistance and water-saving in wheat,providing a basis for effectively solving the problem of wheat drought at the molecular level.
发布时间：2024-06-13
19. Discovery of Key Genes Regulating Wheat Leaf Stomatal Traits and Their Superior Sites
摘要： [Background]Wheat is one of the three major food crops in the world.The stable and high yield of wheat is of great significance to ensure food security in China.Stoma is widely distributed on the surface of leaves,which is an important channel for gas and water exchange between plants and the external environment,and directly affects the photosynthesis and transpiration of plants.[Method]Four wheat stomatal traits were measured under two wheat seasons and two environments using 189 wheat populations as natural populations.Genomewide association analysis of stomatal traits was performed using wheat 660 K SNP chip combined with Blink,CMLM,MLMM and MLM models.[Result]445 genetic loci significantly associated with wheat stomatal traits were found.Finally,seven candidate genes directly or indirectly regulating stomatal traits were obtained by annotation.They encode signal recognition particle 54 kDa protein,protein IQ-DOMAIN 1,SOUL heme-binding family protein,26S protease regulatory subunit,G-box binding factor,Aldose 1-epimerase-like and malate dehydrogenase.These candidate genes may regulate wheat stomatal traits by regulating the development of stomatal structure and the metabolism of guard cells.At the same time,five candidate genes regulating stomatal index and one homologous gene related to stomatal density were found.These genes encode O-methyltransferase,chalcone synthase,protein kinase,WD40 repeat-like protein,Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM9 and 60S ribosomal protein L28.Through genome-wide association analysis,seven candidate genes that may be directly or indirectly related to stomatal traits were screened,and six candidate genes previously discovered were also found.[Conclusion]These results will help to strengthen the in-depth understanding of wheat stomatal traits and provide reference for the screening and innovation of wheat stomatal traits.
发布时间：2024-06-13
20. Evaluation of Drought Resistance of Winter Wheat Varieties Based on Principal Component Analysis
摘要： [Objective]The long growth cycle and wide seasonal span of wheat make it vulnerable to frequent drought stress,which poses a serious threat to wheat production.Selecting drought-resistant varieties is an effective way to improve wheat production.[Method]In this study,275 wheat varieties from different sources were planted separately under normal winter irrigation(well-water,WW)in Yangling,water limited after flowering(WL),and rain-fed conditions in Heyang Ganjing(RF).During the seedling stage,filling stage,and maturity stage,drought-related traits such as Ground Cover(GC),Canopy Temperature(CT),Yield Photon Flux Density,agronomy(YPFD),and Grain Yield(GY)were investigated,and the Carbon Isotope Discrimination(CID)of flag leaves was measured during the filling stage.The drought resistance indexes of each trait under WW,WL,and RF were calculated respectively,and then principal component analysis(PCA)and membership function analysis were used to calculate the comprehensive scores of drought resistance indexes of different wheat varieties,and cluster analysis was carried out to classify the different drought resistance levels of the tested wheat varieties.[Result]The results showed that the response of drought-related traits to different growth environments was significantly different,GC,PH,CID traits could accurately reflect the differences in drought resistance of different varieties.The correlation between the different traits varied under different water conditions,and the response of traits to water conditions,and the correlation between the traits varied with the water environment.The comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance and cluster analysis of different wheat varieties showed that there were 20 varieties performing well under both kinds of water stress environments,which were Longjian301,Luohan7,Longjian127,Linhan536,Bainong207,etc.;14 varieties showed relatively drought resistance,such as Kedong81,Xinong893,Chang6878,etc.;10 varieties showed moderate performance,such as Pubing151,Ningdong11,Jimai22,etc.;10 varieties showed sensitivity,and 17 varieties were highly sensitive.[Conclusion]The results of this study will provide a basis for the rational layout of existing wheat varieties,and provide a material basis for the exploration of drought-resistant genetic resources in the future.
发布时间：2024-06-13
21. Optimizing Plastic Mulching Improves the Growth and Increases Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Maize in Dryland of the Loess Plateau in China
摘要： [Objective]Transparent plastic film mulching(PFM)with flat cropping cultivation has been widely applied to grow maize(Zea mays L.)in dryland agricultural production areas of the Loess Plateau in China.However,with global warming-induced gradual increase in soil temperature,film-mulched spring maize experiences premature senescence and yield loss.[Method]In this study,a new form of mulching strategy involving dual mulching of transparent plastic film with whole maize stalks in a flat plot was established to improve growth and increase water use efficiency(WUE),precipitation use efficiency(PUE),and spring maize yield.The field experiment was conducted in 2018,2019,and 2020 on a conventional flat plot without mulching(CK),a flat plot with single transparent PFM,and a flat plot of transparent film mulching with whole maize stalks(PFM+ST)in the dryland of the Loess Plateau in China,to quantify the effects of different treatments on soil hydrothermal conditions,maize phenology,plant growth dynamics,WUE,PUE,and maize yield.[Result]Results demonstrated that soil water storage(SWS)at 0-100 cm soil layer in PFM and PFM+ST were significantly superior to those in CK,but SWS did not significantly differ between PFM and PFM+ST.Soil temperature under PFM+ST at 0-25 cm soil layer decreased by 1.2℃compared with that under PFM during growth,especially in early growing seasons(20-60 days after sowing[DAS]).PFM+ST extended vegetative and reproductive growth periods by 1-2 and 6-7 days compared with those in PFM,respectively.In later growth period(80-120 DAS),PFM+ST increased the root dry matter weight,SPAD,and LAI and significantly increased the aboveground dry matter accumulation.PFM+ST significantly increased the 100-kernel dry weight,grain yield,WUE,and PUE.PFM+ST had 3-year average grain yields of 10.82%and 36.48%greater than PFM and CK,respectively.The corresponding WUE and in 0-200 cm soil layer improved by 12.55%and 39.84%,and PUE improved by 10.82%and 36.48%,respectively.[Conclusion]With global warming,applying PFM+ST cultivation practice effectively extended growth period and increased mulching spring maize yield and WUE in the study site.
发布时间：2024-06-13
22. Analysis and comprehensive evaluation of lodging resistance of different wheat varieties
摘要： [Objective]In order to comprehensively evaluate the lodging resistance of different wheat materials at different growth stages and clarify the key factors affecting wheat lodging.[Method]274 wheat varieties mainly from Huanghuai wheat area and northern winter wheat area in China and some foreign introduced varieties were used as materials.Sixteen lodging-related traits were measured at flowering stage,filling stage and milk ripening stage,and the lodging resistance of these wheat materials was comprehensively evaluated by description,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.[Result]The results showed that there were significant variations in 16 lodging-related traits among different genotypes and during the growth period.At different growth stages,the correlation between traits was basically the same,which showed that the thickness of basal stem wall,plumpness,stem diameter and stem strength had a positive effect on the lodging resistance of wheat,while plant height,height of center of gravity,length of basal stem node and stem under spike had a negative effect.Principal component analysis showed that stem strength was the most critical trait affecting plant lodging resistance.[Conclusion]Cluster analysis based on the comprehensive factor scores of the principal components at three growth stages showed that 13 materials had excellent comprehensive lodging resistance and 84 materials had excellent comprehensive lodging resistance.Some of the wheat materials had excellent lodging resistance and could be used as breeding resources for strong stalk lodging resistance of wheat.
发布时间：2024-06-13
23. Synthesis of starch nanoparticles from quinoa starch by rapid nanoprecipitation:Characterization and application in Pickering emulsion
摘要： [Objective]In order to evaluate the effects of morphology and rheology of starch nanoparticles(SNPs)on emulsifying ability and to reveal the stability mechanism of SNPs-based Pickering emulsion,explore the feasibility of using starch as a emulsifier to construct food-grade Pickering emulsion and its application in production of oil containing hydrocolloid-based powders.[Method]Quinoa SNPs were prepared by rapid nanoprecipitation method.The molecular characteristics and rheological properties of the SNPs were investigated to reveal the nucleation mechanism of regenerated starch in nanoprecipitation.The effects of SNPs concentration,oil fraction,pH and ionic strength on the storage stability,emulsification stability,oxidation stability and rheological properties of the emulsion were investigated to explore the stabilization mechanism of SNPs-based stabilized Pickering emulsions.The effects of freezing methods and re-hydration on the properties of the emulsions were analyzed.[Result]The particle size of SNPs ranged from 190.35 nm to 310.25 nm and ultrasonic pretreatment reduced the particle size.Quinoa SNPs swelled to flocculent and did not completely nucleate after nanoprecipitation.Quinoa SNPs formed a stable network in water,showing great viscoelastic behavior.The quinoa SNPs-based Pickering emulsion was the smallest and most uniform with great stability.The SNPs concentration of 2.0%to 2.5%and oil fraction of 33%to 67%provided the better stability for the emulsions.Compared with corn oil,the larger starch concentration(2.0%-2.5%)and ionic strength(100-200mM)in the emulsions could effectively inhibit oil oxidation and reduce the production of primary and secondary oxidation products.The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the final structure of the lyophilized powder was compact and uniform,and the surface was smooth.[Conclusion]Efficient emulsifiers for stabilizing Pickering emulsions could be selected in accordance with the molecular and rheological properties of starch.Quinoa SNPs suspension with a stable network could be used as an efficient emulsifier for stabilizing Pickering emulsions.Quinoa SNPs stabilized Pickering emulsion was demonstrated the feasibility of the production of oil containing hydrocolloid-based powders.
发布时间：2024-06-13
24. Formation mechanism of starch nanocrystals from waxy rice starch and their separation using differential centrifugation
摘要： [Objective]In order to explore the formation mechanism of starch nanocrystals(SNC)during the whole hydrolysis process and proposed an interesting point on SNC separation by using differential centrifugation for collecting a suitable SNC product.[Method]Waxy rice starch was hydrolyzed by 3.16 M sulfuric acid solution preparing 15%wt suspension.The samples were collected at 1,2,3,5 and 7 days by successive centrifugations and were freeze-dried.The hydrolysis kinetics,micromorphology,particle size distribution,zeta potential,molecular weight,chain length distribution,crystalline and thermal properties were evaluated.And differential centrifugation was employed in SNC separation.[Result]The hydrolysis process for waxy rice starch was divided into rapid hydrolysis stage in the initial 2 days and then slow hydrolysis stage.At hydrolysis of 2 days,the SNC product showed a nano-size of average diameter of 244 nm.With continuous hydrolysis,the crystalline degree and size and melting peak temperature and enthalpy increased.Meanwhile,the proportion of DP 6-12 chain declined,and the main proportion of DP 13-24 chains and molecular weight had insignificant change.Slow hydrolysis stage could be regarded as surface modification and gradual release of SNC.Furthermore,differential centrifugation displayed a good separation effect on the SNC product at hydrolysis of 5 days,because the product had small size and high charge density.[Conclusion]Waxy rice starch was used in SNC produce consisted of two steps,i.e.,rapid hydrolysis stage within the initial 2 days and slow hydrolysis stage 2 days later.Slow hydrolysis stage was associated with the release and surface modification of SNC.The average size was reached at nanoscale after hydrolysis of 2 days.Differential centrifugation exhibited a good separation effect for SNC with small particle size and high charge density.
发布时间：2024-06-13
25. Effects of selenium yeast supplementation on growth performance and flesh quality of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)in diet containing black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens)larvae meal
摘要： [Objective]To investigate the possibility to promote the highly efficient utilization of black soldier fly larvae meal(BSFLM)as feed ingredient by means of supplementing Se in the diet.[Method]A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of selenium(Se)yeast supplementation on the growth performance and flesh quality of grass carp in diets containing BSFLM.A total of 300 grass carp(370.14±0.74 g)were randomly divided into 5 groups,with each group repeated in triplicate.Five experimental diets were formulated,including a soybean meal-based diet(25%soybean meal inclusion,diet SM),a BSFLM-based diet(16.1%BSFLM inclusion,diet BSFLM75)by replacing 75%of SM with BSFLM,and three other diets with Se yeast added to the BSFLM75 diet at 0.3,0.6,and 0.9 mg Se/kg diet(diets Se0.3,Se0.6,and Se0.9,respectively).[Result]The results showed:(1)The growth and feed utilization of grass carp in the BSFLM75 group were significantly lower than those of the SM group(P<0.05),but these parameters were significantly improved in the Se0.6 group,with no notable difference compared to the SM group(P<0.05).(2)The crude protein contents of the muscle and whole body were not significantly affected by the Se yeast level(P>0.05),but contents of them in the Se0.3 group were significantly higher than those of the SM group(P<0.05).(3)The hardness,cohesiveness,springiness,gumminess,and chewiness of the muscle in the Se0.3 group were the highest among all groups.(4)Supplementation of Se yeast improved the ventral a*(P<0.05),and which reached the highest in the Se0.6 group.(5)Muscle dripping loss was not affected by the Se yeast supplementation(P>0.05),but which of the BSFLM75 and Se yeast groups was significantly higher than that of the SM group(P<0.05).(6)The collagen protein and salt-soluble protein contents of muscle in the Se0.3 group reached the highest(P<0.05).(7)Muscle fiber area,fiber diameter,and fiber density of the BSFLM75 and Se yeast groups were significantly higher than those of the SM group(P<0.05),and fiber area and fiber diameter decreased gradually with the increment of the Se yeast supplementation.However,the fiber density exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing and reached the highest in the Se0.3 group.(8)Supplementation of Se yeast improved muscle sarcomere length,and it reached the longest in the Se0.3 group.[Conclusion]In conclusion,0.6 mg/kg Se supplementation(dietary total Se at 1.01 mg/kg diet)could significantly reverse the negative effects of dietary BSFLM containing 16.1%level on growth performance,and improved flesh quality.Additionally,inclusion of 16.1%BSFLM and Se yeast supplementation improved the flesh quality of grass carp,and the flesh quality was optimal when 0.3 mg/kg Se was supplemented(dietary total selenium at 0.79 mg/kg diet).
发布时间：2024-06-13
26. Cover Cropping Increases Soil Fungal-Bacterial Community Diversity and Network Complexity in Apple Orchards on the Loess Plateau
摘要： [Objective]Soil microorganisms play a key role in soil fertility.Exploring the microbial community composition and diversity in response to cover crops is important for improving soil fertility in orchards.This study investigated how cover cropping can improve soil fertility by altering microbial community composition and the interrelations among soil microorganisms.[Method]Soil physicochemical indicators and microbial community composition were evaluated after a six-years application of cover cropping in an apple(Malus pumila cv.Fuji)orchard located on the Loess Plateau,China.Three treatments were applied:Trifolium repens treatment(TR),Lolium perenne treatment(LP),Clear tillage treatment(CT).[Result](1)Soil physicochemical and biological properties between cover cropping and clear tillage treatment had changed significantly after long-term trial.Compared to CT treatment,TR and LP treatments significantly increased the levels of soil organic matter(SOM),microbial biomass carbon(MBC),and total nitrogen(TN)in orchard soil(p<0.05).(2)The soil of the cover crop treatments had a more complex microbial co-occurrence network than that of the clear tillage treatment;in particular,the correlations among fungi were significantly increased.Changes in the fungal community were more related to microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN),TN,and carbon-nitrogen ratio(C:N).[Conclusion]This indicates that cover cropping not only increases the diversity of soil microorganisms but also increases the interrelations between microbial groups,thereby improving the soil fertility of apple orchards on the Loess Plateau.15
发布时间：2024-06-13
27. Enhancing seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Brassica napus L.under low nitrogen by overexpression of G-proteins from Arabidopisis
摘要： [Objective]Heterotrimeric G-proteins,composed of Gα,Gβ,and Gγ subunits,are involved in the regulation of a variety of signaling pathways in plants.Osdep1(Gγ subunit-encoded protein)of rice and TaNBP1(Gβ subunit-encoded protein)of wheat are homologs of Arabidopsis AGG3 and AGB1,respectively,which are regulators of grain size and also involved in nitrogen responses.However,the function of Arabidopsis G-proteins in nitrogen utilization under different nitrogen conditions has not been fully investigated.[Method]overexpressing transgenic lines AtAGB1 and AtAGG1(AtGβγ1),AtAGB1 and AtAGG2(AtGβγ2),and AtAGB1 and AtAGG3(AtGβγ3)were created in K407 Brassica napus(B.napus)backgrounds concurrent as well as AtGPA1(AtGα1)overexpressing lines.The yield,nitrogen utilization efficiency(NUE),and related parameters of overexpressed Arabidopsis G-protein were determined.[Result]Analysis of multiple transgenic B.napus lines showed that overexpression of AtGα1,AtGβγ1,AtGβγ2 and AtGβγ3 could increase the biomass of seedling plants with a well-developed root system and increased nitrogen uptake under both nitrogen conditions.Under low nitrogen,the activity of glutamine synthetase(GS),a key nitrogen assimilating enzymes,and the expression levels of genes involved in nitrogen uptake and assimilation exhibited a significant increase in root of overexpressed plants.More importantly,these properties enabled overexpressing plants to increase the number of seeds per silique only under low nitrogen condition,effectively resulting in a significant increase in yield per plant and better NUE.Especially,overexpression of AtGβγ3 increased seed yield by 31%-69%and NUE by 27%-42%compared with wild-type(WT).[Conclusion]These results draw the positive roles of G-protreins in regulating two key parameters,seed traits and nitrogen use efficiency,and provide a strategy that can substantially improve crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency.
发布时间：2024-06-13
28. The responses of genotypes with contrasting NUtE to exogenous ABA during the flowering stage in Brassica napus
摘要： [Objective]Abscisic acid(ABA)has been reported to have crosstalk with nitrate().The aim of this study was to explore the responses of genotypes with contrasting nitrogen utilization efficiency(NUtE)to exogenous ABA during the flowering stage in Brassica napus,and to identify candidate genes that may be involved in the regulation of NUtE.[Method]In the pot experiment,"Zheyou 18"and"Sollux"were grown in a greenhouse.On the tenth day after flowering,bottom leaves were sprayed with 2 μM ABA.For the hydroponic experiment,plants were treated with 50 μM ABA on the tenth day after flowering.The leaves and roots were sampled after a six-hour treatment for transcriptome analysis.[Result]The results showed that ABA application on leaf promoted the N allocation from vegetative organs to grain and increased the number of seeds per silique,grain yield,N harvest index(NHI),and the NUtE in N-efficient rapeseed,while that in the N-inefficient genotype showed a declined trend.After hydroponic ABA treatment,transcriptome analysis showed that there were more differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the N-efficient genotype than that in the N-inefficient genotype.The DEGs were mainly enriched in N metabolism,ABC transporters,and MAPK signaling pathways.Among them,Glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH)genes(BnaC09g47860D,BnaC03g03050D)and Glutamine synthetase(GS)gene(BnaC03g40250D)was more highly expressed in the leaf of N-efficient genotype than that of N-inefficient genotype after ABA treatment,whereas the opposite expression level was observed in seven genes,including nitrate transporter(NRT)2.1(BnaA06g04570D),Nitrate Reductase(NR)genes(BnaC06g20690D,BnaA07g20840D),GSs(BnaC04g29670D,BnaC08g07930D,BnaA08g29950D,BnaA04g07450D),and Abscisic acid-responsive element binding factor(ABFs)genes(BnaC07g44670D,BnaC05g33570D)in the root.[Conclusion]the shoot and root of rapeseed may have different response mechanisms to ABA stimulation,and N-efficient rapeseed is more sensitive to ABA treatment than N-inefficient rapeseed,which may be one of the reasons for the difference in NUtE.The study revealed the critical role of ABA in regulating N allocation and utilization in rapeseed with contrasting NUtE and identified several candidate genes involved in the crosstalk between ABA and signaling,which provided target genes for breeding N-efficient rapeseed.
发布时间：2024-06-13
29. Study on Population Genetics of Invasive Pest Stictocephala bisonia(Hemiptera:Membracidae:Smiliinae)
摘要： [Background]Stictocephala bisonia Kopp et Yonke,1977(Hemiptera:Membracidae:Smiliinae)is native to the United States;it spread to Hungary in 1912.Since then,it has spread to Europe,North Africa and other regions.In 2017,S.bisonia was first discovered in Taibai County,Shaanxi Province,and in 2019 it was found in parts of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.S.bisonia is a potential economic pest that feeds on 60 species of plants from 16 families,especially economic fruit trees such as apple and cherry.While previous studies have focused on the morphology and life history of S.bisonia,population genetics research has been limited.[Objective]This study aimed to determine the previously unknown source of invasion and diffusion path of the population of S.bisonia in China.[Method]Mitochondrial molecular markers(COI,Cytb,and ND5)and mitochondrial whole genome data were used to study the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of S.bisonia in 9 different geographical populations located in Treviso(Italy),Pomerania(Poland),Basel(Switzerland),Oregon(USA),Rushka(Serbia),Taibai County(Shaanxi Province,China),Yining County(Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,China),Xinyuan County(Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,China),and Wild Apple Reserve(Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,China).The world transmission history of S.bisonia was also summarized,and the population historical dynamics were analyzed.[Result]The main results are as follows:(1)Analysis of the COI+Cytb+ND5 tandem gene fragment of 133 individuals from 9 geographic populations of S.bisonia revealed a total of 37 haplotypes,with a total haplotype diversity of 0.8909 and a total nucleotide diversity of 0.007.(2)Analysis of the whole mitochondrial genome of 34 individuals from the same 9 geographic populations of S.bisonia showed a total of 27 haplotypes,with a total haplotype diversity of 0.9715 and a total nucleotide diversity of 0.01029.These results indicate relatively rich genetic diversity in various groups of S.bisonia.Genetic structure analysis revealed that the main source of overall genetic variation of S.bisonia was within populations,with frequent gene exchange among different groups and low level of genetic differentiation.The haplotype relationships between the populations in Xinjiang and Europe were similar,as were populations in Shaanxi and America.Generally,there was no distinct geographical lineage among various groups.(3)The dynamic analysis of the population history demonstrated that all populations of S.bisonia had experienced founder effect population shrinkage,providing further evidence that S.bisonia mainly spreads in the form of eggs through seedling transportation.Ancestral distribution area reconstruction results supported the hypothesis that the origin of all invasion areas was the United States,consistent with existing literature records.[Conclusion]The present study is the first to investigate the population genetics of S.bisonia,revealing the origin and invasion mode of the population in China.The results showed that the population of S.bisonia in Taibai County,Shaanxi Province,originated from the United States,while the populations in Yining County,Xinyuan County and Wild Apple Reserve in Xinjiang originated from Europe.The primary transmission route of S.bisonia is through eggs and seedling transportation.The transmission history of S.bisonia is relatively short,and there is a low level of genetic differentiation among various populations with no distinct geographical lineage formed.
发布时间：2024-06-13
30. Characterization of the tuber metabolic differentiation between two homologically related Cyperaceae species
摘要： [Background]Yellow nutsedge(Cyperus esculentus,YN)and purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus,PN)are homologically related Cyperaceae species which both rely on the underground tubers for energy reservation and propagation.However,the tuber components between YN and PN show great distinction.PN is rich in secondary metabolites such as monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes and their oxides,whereas YN mainly contains lipids and carbohydrates.Such a dramatic metabolic differentiation therefore indicates it might be meaningful to characterize the underlying mechanisms within,which may provide critical insights for understanding the biogenesis of the sedge plant family,a traditional weed but with outstanding application values in the agricultural production.[Objective](1)Dynamic analysis of the major carbon anabolic products in YN and PN tubers over the whole growth duration.(2)Identifying the most obvious physiological node at which the metabolite flux starts to differentiate.(3)Establishment of the metabolic network which exclusively reflects the differences in gene expression and metabolic flux distribution in the tuber carbon metabolism between the two Cyperaceae species.[Method]The joint omics analysis including transcriptomics and metabolomics were utilized as the dominant tool to investigate the metabolic difference between YN and PN tubers.Several tuber-specific compounds like lipid,phenols,esters,flavonoids,amino acids etc.have been qualified and quantified via the chromatography dependent technologies.Measurement of regular carbohydrates(e.g.starch,amylose,soluble sugars),as well as the gene expression verification were carried out through the kits.[Results](1)Three developmental stages have been divided to reveal the tuber component variation in YN and PN,of which the tuber developing stage was found to be the most active phase for metabolites accumulation and differentiation.(2)Both the total starch and total lipid contents tended to decrease first then increased later in YN and PN over the three divided developmental stages,with the total lipid displaying almost 10-fold higher level in YN.In comparison,the total sugar content showed a continuously reducing trend from the tuber initiation stage.Amylose and resistant starch were analyzed in the mature tubers,PN had a higher ratio than YN in both but did not reflect significant changes in the pasting property and starch morphology.(3)Joint omics analysis was implemented at the tuber developing stage.By using the Arabidopsis genome as the reference template for gene functional annotation,a total of 22,349 differentially expressed genes were identified,and there were 102 differentially accumulated metabolites detected in the metabolomics.(4)Multiple transcriptional factors involved in the central carbon metabolic network,such as WRI1(WRINKLED1)and FUS3(FUSCA3),which displayed significantly differentiated expression levels between YN and PN,as well as some important rate-limiting genes including AGPase(ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase),DGAT(diacylglycerol acyltransferase),PDAT(phosphatidiotylglycerol acyltransferase),LDAP(lipid-droplet associated proteins)and ALDHs(aldehyde dehydrogenases)etc.were found to be the key regulators that may determine the metabolite flow redistribution in tubers according to the metabolic model established based on the omics results.[Conclusions]Our study has revealed that the metabolic difference between YN and PN in terms of the tuber components,to a large extent,could be attributed to the highly differentiated expression levels of the key transcriptional factors and structural genes identified in the tuber developing stage.As a result,the carbon repartitioning formed afterwards could profoundly impact the discrepant tuber phenotype.These findings may help the future research to better elucidate the genetics in sedge plants on the molecular level,which could also give applicable information for the genetic engineering improvement in other crops.
发布时间：2024-06-13
31. 12 Assessment of the growth adaptability and seed quality of different pennycress(Thlapsi arvense)germplasm resources in Yunnan Province
摘要： [Background]Pennycress(Thlapsi arvense)belongs to the Cruciferae family,which is a perennial herbaceous plant with strong growth ability.Due to the abundance of lipid and secondary metabolites in seed,pennycress has long been regarded as a dual-role plant for functional food and medical usages.China harbors a broad collection of pennycress germplasm resources,however the application is rather limited because of the deficiency in research and industrial development.By comparison,in US,pennycress has already become a special cash crop for the soil optimization and the alternative supplement for vegetable oil production.Hence,it would be of great importance to assess the applicability of the pennycress germplasm resources in China,in order to better exploit and harness the underlying advantage of this underrated plant.[Purpose]To investigate the growth adaptability of different pennycress germplasms in Yunnan province,a total of eight pennycress cultivars were collected from regions with distinct ecological circumstances in China.It was anticipated that through comprehensively analyzing the growth and development of the experimental pennycress materials,as well as the seed components,fundamental information could be provided to support the future genetic improvement and engineering of the pennycress for more diversified resource utilization.[Method]Critical agronomic traits including plant branching number,plant height,plant total biomass,seed setting rate,seed yield,biotic and abiotic resistance etc.have been recorded over the whole plant growth duration.The Gas Chromatography technology was applied to analyze the lipid content and fatty acid composition in the pennycress seed.Available metabolites were profiled through the non-target metabolomic methodology for characterization,and the RT-qPCR technique was conducted to verify the expression levels of the structural genes highly correlated with the formation of important traits.[Results](1)The maximum seed lipid content detected in the eight pennycress cultivars was 10.14mg/g on a dry weight basis,while the lowest was 6.21mg/g.Erucic acid(C22:1)was found to be the major fatty acid component(>60%)in the pennycress seed lipid.(2)Among the eight experimental materials,only four pennycress germplasms were successfully germinated(seed germination rate ranged from 6%to 80%)and displayed a normal growth status in Yunnan province.The other four materials could not be germinated in either the medium or soil despite multiple attempts. Analysis of the agronomic traits reflected that the pennycress coming from different areas not only presented discrepant morphological features,but had inconsistent growing rhythm,suggesting a potentially differentiated mechanism to adapt to the environment.(3)A total of 405 metabolites,which could be enriched into 47 KEGG metabolic pathways have been detected in the seeds of the four pennycress materials that could grow normally in Yunnan province.There were 95 differentially accumulated metabolites identified,and most of them could be categorized into the lipid,flavone,amino acid,carbohydrate and medicinal secondary metabolites(e.g.glycosides and indoles)groups.[Conclusion]The initial assessment of the growth adaptability of the eight pennycress cultivars collected from different parts of China in Yunnan province,plus the seed component characterization may provide helpful guidance for the future germplasm introduction,as well as the breeding innovation.Moreover,some of these germplasms have shown good potentials to be further modified as the plant chassis for the pennycress metabolic engineering and synthetic biology study,from which great values might ensue.
发布时间：2024-06-13
32. Effects of tillage practices and straw returning on CARBON FOOTprint from farmland
摘要： [Objective]In order to clarify the carbon dynamic mechanism and greenhouse gas emission effect of straw returning and tillage methods in spring maize system.[Method]Experiment in shenyang agricultural university in 2022,the experimental base,using two factor randomized block design,factors is a straw returned,factor two is farming,including the following treatment,ploughing straw returned(PTS),returning ploughing tillage(PT),rotary tillage straw returned(RTS)returning,rotary tillage(RT),no tillage returned(NTS),no tillage(NT),Three repetitions,using static gas chromatography to monitor greenhouse gas emissions;The carbon footprint and functional unit-scale carbon footprints of different treatment soils was analysed and the carbon sequestration and reduction effect of straw return methods and tillage practices on soils under spring maize cropping systems was further evaluated with the help of carbon intensity indicators.[Result]The carbon footprint and functional unit-scaled carbon footprints(yield-scaled carbon footprint and net income-scaled carbon footprint)were significantly affected by tillage and straw return.Carbon footprint was significantly affected by different tillage practices,with the order of the treatments being NT
发布时间：2024-06-13
33. Effects of straw return depth on soil organic carbon,nitrogen content,and soil enzyme activity of spring maize field Zhengyu Wang1,Xiyu Liu1,Xiangwei Gong1,Ying Jiang1,Hua Qi1
摘要： [Objective]In order to evaluate the effect of straw return depth on soil physicochemical properties,enzyme activity,and explore the relationship between them under different straw return depths.[Method]A field micro-plots experiment was conducted for 3-year(2016-2018)in northeast China,and totally six treatments were set as following,straw incorporation with rotary tillage for 10 cm(S1D1),20 cm(S1D2)and 30 cm(S1D3)of soil depth,and straw removal with rotary tillage in the same soil depth(S2D1,S2D2 and S2D3),respectively.Individual and interaction effects on physical and chemical properties of soil and enzyme activity of spring maize field were determined in this study.[Result]Soil organic carbon(SOC)was significantly affected by rotary tillage depth(D)and its interaction with straw(S)treatment(P<0.05).SOC contents under S1D1 and S1D2 were 1.2%-16.0%higher than those under S1D3 treatment at 0-20 cm soil layer,and the highest SOC content at 20-40 cm soil layer was observed in S2D3 treatment.Soil nitrate(NO3--N)and ammonium(NH4+-N)contents and invertase and catalase activities were significantly influenced by straw and rotary tillage depth treatments and their interactions(P<0.05).Across 0-40 cm soil layer,S1 treatment increased soil NO3--N contents under D1 and D2 conditions by an average of 46.9%and 34.9%,respectively,but lowered soil NH4+-N contents by an average of 31.6%and 4.4%,respectively,compared to S2 treatment.Among treatments of rotary tillage depth,S1 treatment enhanced soil invertase and urease activities at 0-20 cm layer and decreased catalase activity at 20-30 cm layer,compared to S2 treatment.Correlation analysis revealed that SOC,soil TN,NO3--N and NH4+-N content,and invertase activity were significantly positive correlated.Both SOC and TN were highly negatively correlated with soil pH and SWC.Principal component analysis(PCA)suggested that SOC,TN content and enzymes activity were more obviously affected by S1D2 treatment in 0-40 cm and 0-20 cm soil layer,respectively,compared to S1D1 treatment.[Conclusion]Soil nutrients level and enzymes activity in 0-40 cm layer were improved by S1D2 treatment,and might be considered as a suitable straw incorporation method for improving soil fertility in maize field within study area.
发布时间：2024-06-13
34. Tillage with straw incorporation declines the optimal nitrogen rate for maize production by affecting crop uptake,utility efficiency and soil balance of nitrogen
摘要： [Objective]In order to identify the effects of straw return with rotary or plow till and nitrogen(N)application rate on maize grain and straw yield,grain N uptake and N use efficiency(NUE),and soil N balance and to determine the optimal N fertilization rate for maize production under continuous straw incorporation with tillage which is vital for sustainable agriculture in northeastern China.[Method]A four-year(2015-2018)field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of rotary tillage with straw incorporation(RTS)and plow tillage with straw incorporation(PTS)combined with different N fertilizer rates(0,112,187,262,and 337 kg N ha-1)on maize yield,N uptake,soil N balance,nitrogen use efficiency,and optimal N rate.[Result]In general,higher straw N uptake and lower N partial factor productivity,NUE,and recovery of applied N in grains were obtained under PTS than under RTS.Moreover,grain yield and both straw and grain N uptake increased with the N application rate.However,no further increase in grain yield was observed when the applied N exceeded 187 kg N ha-1.PTS resulted in a higher level of unaccounted N from applied N fertilizer(38-81 kg N ha-1)than RTS.A high N fertilizer input(>262 kg N ha-1)combined with straw incorporation resulted in a high soil mineral N profit and substantially increased unaccounted N(614-715 kg N ha-1)over the four-year field trial period.The optimal N input required for the highest maize yield could be reduced by 35.0%-44.6%using tillage with straw return.Nevertheless,PTS was more effective than RTS at lowering the optimal N application rate.[Conclusion]The results of this short-term maize field study conducted in northeastern China suggest that the amount of N fertilizer input required for maize production could be reduced by using tillage with continuous straw incorporation.
发布时间：2024-06-13
35. Microbial nutrient limitation in rhizosphere soils of different food crop families:Evidence from ecoenzymatic stoichiometry
摘要： [Objective]Microbial metabolism directly participates in soil nutrient recycling and ecosystem stability.Although the rhizosphere soil is one of the most active habitats,information on how microorganisms acquire nutrients based on ecoenzymatic stoichiometry is lacking,especially for major food crops under field conditions.[Method]This study aimed to explore the soil nutrient properties and microbial biomass concentrations as well as extracellular enzymatic activities and focused on carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)cycling of different crop types,including potato(Solanaceae),maize(cereal),soybean(Leguminosae),and buckwheat(Polygonaceae)in the arid area of northern Shaanxi,China.[Result]Microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of four crops were subjected to relative C and N limitation tests based on ecoenzymatic activities.Among the crops,potato and soybean exhibited the maximum limitations.Linear regression analysis of soil nutrients,microorganisms(stoichiometric homeostasis),and threshold elemental ratio synthetically supported microbial metabolic limitations.This finding coincided with the highest and lowest microbial carbon use efficiencies in soybean(0.58)and potato(0.51),illustrating the distinguishing physiological responses of microbes.Partial least squares path modeling further confirmed that the soil microbial nutrient limitations were significantly regulated by soil nutrient properties and extracellular enzyme activities.[Conclusion]Soil microbial metabolism in agricultural ecosystems was co-limited by relative C and N regardless of the main food crop families in this region in China(northern Loess Plateau).These observations clarified the nutrient cycling driven by soil elemental stoichiometry at the root-soil interface in arid and oligotrophic ecosystems.
发布时间：2024-06-13
36. Difference of PmTDC1 expression levels results the formation of brown and yellow seed color in broomcorn millet(Panicum miliaceum)
摘要： [Objective]Broomcorn millet is a cereal crop with abundant genetic variation in morphology,agronomy and yield-related traits.Diversity of seed color is one of the most distinctive morphological characteristic.To identify genes regulating seed color will provide a basis for precise identification of germplasms at molecular level,molecular assisted selection breeding and application of gene editing technology in broomcorn millet.[Method]Phenotype identification and statistical analysis were used to dissect inheritance law.And bulked segregant analysis sequencing(BSA-seq),substitution mapping and transcriptome sequencing were performed to identify the casual gene of brown yellow grain color in broomcorn millet.[Result]Here,F2 and F3 populations from a cross between Longmi12 and Zhang778 were constructed.The statistical analysis of the seed color in F1,F2 and F3 progenies confirmed that the brown seed color was controlled by a dominant single gene in broomcorn millet.The genetic control locus,SC9.1,was preliminarily located in the interval between 32175878 to 44281406 bp on chromosome 9 through the bulked segregant analysis sequencing(BSA-seq).Further,SC9.1 was narrowed down to a 101kb interval harboring 11 genes by substitution mapping based on 258 recessive individual genotypes.Of 11 genes,PmTDC1 had a single A to G transition in CDS region and a significantly different expression in seed color formation stage,indicating that PmTDC1 was the causal gene resulting brown and yellow seed color formation in broomcorn millet.[Conclusion]Difference of PmTDC1 expression levels results the formation of brown and yellow seed color in broomcorn millet.
发布时间：2024-06-13
37. Effects of Exogenous Tryptophan on C/N Balance and Senescence Characteristics of Sorghum Seedlings Under Low Nitrogen Stress
摘要： [Objective]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous tryptophan on senescence of sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.)seedling leaves under low nitrogen stress,and to explore the relationship between C/N balance and senescence of sorghum seedlings leaves,so as to provide effective regulation means for sorghum resistance to low nitrogen stress.[Method]In a hydroponic culture experiment,the low nitrogen tolerance sorghum line(398B)and the low nitrogen sensitive sorghum line(CS3541)were selected as the experimental materials.Two nitrogen levels were set at normal nitrogen(5 mmol·L-1)and low nitrogen(0.5 mmol·L-1),and 50 mg·L-1 exogenous tryptophan was applicated by spraying.After 10 days application,leaf morphology,tissue structure,photosynthetic activity,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,content of carbon and nitrogen metabolism-related substances and enzyme activities,C/N and senescence related gene expression levels were determined,and the correlation between C/N value and senescence genes in sorghum seedlings under low nitrogen stress was analyzed.[Result](1)Compared with the normal nitrogen treatment,low nitrogen stress significantly reduced the leaf area of 398B and CS3541,while exogenous tryptophan significantly increased the leaf area of 398B and CS3541 by 36.72%and 52.06%.Meanwhile,leaf dry weight and leaf fresh weight of 398B and CS3541 were significantly increased by exogenous tryptophan under low nitrogen stress.(2)Compared with the normal nitrogen treatment,the rosette structure of 398B was relatively complete under low nitrogen stress,while exogenous tryptophan kept the leaf cells orderly and the rosette structure clear.In addition,exogenous tryptophan significantly increased the chlorophyll content of 398B leaves(36.85%),but did not significantly increase the pigment content of CS3541 leaves under low nitrogen stress.(3)Under low nitrogen stress,the exogenous tryptophan treatment resulted in higher PSII maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm)and non-photochemical quenching(NPQ)capacity,increased leaf photosynthetic rate,and maintained stronger photosynthetic capacity than that without tryptophan.(4)The treatment with exogenous tryptophan reduced the accumulation of sugar(soluble sugar,sucrose and starch)in leaves,but significantly increased the nitrogen content in leaves,correspondingly increased the carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes activities,and decreased the C/N in leaves.(5)Exogenous tryptophan positively regulated the expressions of senescence related genes SbLHCB and SBSGR-2,and negatively regulated the expressions of SbNAC6,SbPaO3,SbPPDK-2 and SbSAG12-2 under low nitrogen conditions.In addition,C/N was positively correlated with the expression of SbLHCB and SbSGR-2,and negatively correlated with the expression of SbNAC6,SbPaO3,SbPPDK-2 and SbSAG12-2.[Conclusion]Under low nitrogen stress,exogenous tryptophan affected leaf morphology and photosynthetic characteristics by reducing C/N value and senescence gene expression,and delayed leaf senescence by regulating leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism,thus enhancing the tolerance of sorghum seedlings under low nitrogen stress.Tryptophan application would be a strategy to weaken low nitrogen stress in the future sustainable agricultural production.
发布时间：2024-06-13
38. Mung bean(Vigna radiata L.)source leaf adaptation to shading stress affects not only photosynthetic physiology metabolism but also control of key gene expression
摘要： [Objective]Shading stress strongly limits the effective growth of plants.Understanding how plant morphogenesis and physiological adaptation are generated in response to reduced low light conditions is important for food crop development.[Method]Two mung bean(Vigna radiata L.)cultivars,namely,Xilv 1 and Yulv 1,were grown in the field to explore the effects of shading stress on their growth.[Result]Shading stress significantly weakened the leaf photosynthetic capacity as measured by the decreased net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate and increased intercellular CO2 concentration.These responses resulted in plant morphological characteristics that increased light energy absorption in low light conditions.Such variations occurred due to the leaf anatomical structure with destroyed palisade tissues and spongy tissues.Under shading stress,Yulv 1 showed higher physiological metabolic intensity than Xilv 1,which was related to changes in chlorophyll(Chl),including Chl a and b,and Chl a/b ratio.Compared with normal light conditions,the Chl fluorescence values,photosynthetic assimilation substances,and enzyme activities in mung bean plants under shading stress were reduced to different extent.In addition,the relative expression levels of VrGA2ox,VrGA20ox1,VrGA3ox1,VrROT3,and VrBZR1,which are related to endogenous hormone in mung bean leaves,were upregulated by shading stress,further leading to the improvements in the concentrations of auxin,gibberellins,and brassinolide.[Conclusion]Combined with the morphological,physiological,and molecular responses,Yulv 1 has stronger tolerance and ecological adaptability to shading stress than Xilv 1.Our study provides insights into the agronomic traits and gene expressions of mung bean cultivars to enhance their adaptability to shading stress.
发布时间：2024-06-13
39. Transcriptome sequencing and metabolome analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of drought stress in millet
摘要： [Background]As one of the oldest agricultural crops in China,millet(Panicum miliaceum)has powerful drought tolerance.[Method]In this study,transcriptome and metabolome analyses of'Hequ Red millet'(HQ)and'Yanshu No.10'(YS10)millet after 6 hours of drought stress were performed.Transcriptome characteristics of drought stress in HQ and YS10 were characterized by Pacbio full-length transcriptome sequencing.[Result]The pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)showed that the highly enriched categories were related to starch and sucrose metabolism,pyruvate metabolism,metabolic pathways and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites when the two millet varieties were subjected to drought stress.Under drought stress,245 genes related to energy metabolism were found to show significant changes between the two strains.Further analysis showed that 219 genes related to plant hormone signal transduction also participated in the drought response.In addition,numerous genes involved in anthocyanin metabolism and photosynthesis were confirmed to be related to drought stress,and these genes showed significant differential expression and played an important role in anthocyanin metabolism and photosynthesis.Moreover,we identified 496 transcription factors related to drought stress,which came from ten different transcription factor families,such as bHLH,C3H,MYB,and WRKY.Further analysis showed that many key genes related to energy metabolism,such as citrate synthase,isocitrate dehydrogenase,and ATP synthase,showed significant upregulation,and most of the structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis also showed significant upregulation in both strains.Most genes related to plant hormone signal transduction showed upregulated expression,while many JA and SA signalling pathway-related genes were downregulated.[Conclusion]Metabolome analysis was performed on'Hequ red millet'(HQ)and'Yanshu 10'(YS10),a total of 2082 differential metabolites(DEMs)were identified.These findings indicate that energy metabolism,anthocyanins,photosynthesis,and plant hormones are closely related to the drought resistance of millet and adapt to adversity by precisely regulating the levels of various molecular pathways.
发布时间：2024-06-13
40. Biosynthesis and drought resistance of cuticular wax alkanes in wheat
摘要： [Objective]The aim of the work was to identify and functionally characterize a key alkane biosynthesis gene TaCER1-6A from wheat.[Method]Overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing of TaCER1-6A were carried out in wheat,and the wax content,cuticle permeability and drought tolerance of TaCER1-6A transgenic lines and wild-type(WT)were further analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),gas chromatography-flame ionization detection(GC-FID),chlorophyll leaching,and water loss assays.The biological function of TaCER1-6A was characterized in detail.And dual-luciferase(LUC),yeast one-hybrid(Y1H),and β-glucuronidase(GUS)activation assays were used to confirm the interactions of R2R3-type MYB transcription factors TaMYB96-2D/5D and the promoter of TaCER1-6A.[Result]The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout mutation in TaCER1-6A greatly reduced the contents of C27,C29,C31,and C33 alkanes in wheat leaves,while TaCER1-6A overexpression significantly increased the contents of C27,C29,C31,and C33 alkanes in wheat leaves,suggesting that TaCER1-6A is specifically involved in the biosynthesis of C27-C33 alkanes on wheat leaf surfaces.TaCER1-6A knockout lines exhibited increased cuticle permeability and reduced drought tolerance,whereas TaCER1-6A overexpression lines displayed reduced cuticle permeability and enhanced drought tolerance.TaCER1-6A was highly expressed in flag leaf blades and seedling leaf blades and could respond to abiotic stresses and abscisic acid(ABA).TaCER1-6A was located in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER),which is the subcellular compartment responsible for wax biosynthesis.A total of three haplotypes(HapI/II/III)of TaCER1-6A were identified in 43 wheat accessions,and HapI was the dominant haplotype(95%)in these wheat varieties.Additionally,we identified two R2R3-MYB transcription factors TaMYB96-2D and TaMYB96-5D that bound directly to the conserved motif(CAACCA)in promoters of the TaCER1-6A.[Conclusion]TaCER1-6A is required for C27-C33 alkanes biosynthesis and improves drought resistance in wheat,suggesting that TaCER1-6A is a promising tool aiming at generating wheat cultivars with more alkanes contents and improved drought tolerance via molecular breeding and transgenic strategies.
发布时间：2024-06-13
41. Aquaponic production system:a green pattern combining aquaculture and vegetable cultivation together
摘要： Aquaponics is a new integrated farming model that combines fish farming with hydroponic(soil-less plant cultivation)in a symbiotic system.Due to the production of green and healthy aquatic products and vegetables,as well as environmentally friendly and non-polluting aquaculture methods with lower carbon emissions,the aquaponics is rapidly developing worldwide.Aquaponic systems could be divided into three types based on different cultivation methods for vegetables:nutrient film technique,substrate cultivation,and deep-water culture.It is predicted that the global aquaponics market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 12.10%during the forecast period of 2023-2033.By 2033,the industry's valuation is expected to exceed 2.70732 billion US dollars.The advantages of aquaponics include:1.water efficiency,2.climate adaptability,3.economic feasibility,4.no chemical pesticides,5.environmental benefits,etc.On the other hand,Aquaponics industry is also facing challenges,like being lack of standards to which aquaponic goods could be sold with ensured quality,safety,and verification of true aquaponic cultivation,and son on.However,as the demand for sustainable agriculture continues to increase,the prospects for the development of aquaponics are very promising.We ourself also found,by conducting two experiments,that the combination of a recirculating aquaponic system and hydroponic cultivation of vegetables can significantly reduce the levels of nutrients in the system,which is beneficial for maintaining aquaculture water quality,increasing vegetable production,and improving income of practitioners.And the addition of appropriate level of chelated iron is advantageous for the growth,health,and fatty acid composition of mirror carp,also the better growth and chlorophyll levels of lettuce.
发布时间：2024-06-13
42. Pathomorphologic and differential diagnostics of diseases of avian digestive system
摘要： [Objective]The purpose of the research is to establish the most characteristic(pathognomonic)pathomorthological changes in avian diseases of various etiologies,occurring with a predominant lesion of the digestive system,classically and in the form of pathomorphosis.[Method]The corpses of chickens of egg crosses and broiler chickens of 1-42 days of age,replacement hen youngsters up to 120 days of age,laying hens of meat and egg crosses of 170-505 days of age admitted to the prosectorium of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Histology of the EE VSAVM in 2014-2023.For histological examination,pieces of the esophagus,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,caecum and rectum,glandular and muscular stomachs,liver,pancreas,kidneys,myocardium,and brain were taken.Bacteriological and serological research was carried out in the veterinary production laboratories of poultry farms,and molecular biological-in the Vitebsk Regional Veterinary Laboratory.[Result]This paper presents the results of our own research on the pathomorphological diagnosis of avian diseases,accompanied by a predominant lesion of the digestive system:acute and chronic poisoning,A-hypovitaminosis,rotavirus infection,adenovirus hepatitis,viral(transmissible)proventriculitis,adenovirus erosive ventriculitis,parvovirus infection of broiler chickens,hepatitis E,necrotic(clostridial)enteritis,pullorosis,salmonellosis,enterococcosis,colibacillosis,eimeriosis,histomonosis.The results of studies of spontaneous material(corpses of birds,pieces of organs and tissues)were analyzed with subsequent laboratory confirmation of the preliminary diagnosis.The results obtained are formulated in the form of pathoanatomical and histological diagnoses.Attention is focused on pathognomonic(the most characteristic of a particular disease)pathological processes that are of decisive importance in the differential diagnosis of this group of diseases.Various variants of the pathomorphological course of diseases that proceed not only classically,but also in the form of pathomorphosis are considered.[Conclusion]Competent use of the methods of pathoanatomical and histological diagnosis of spontaneously occurring diseases of birds,accompanied by a predominant defeat of the digestive system,allows in an extremely short time to make the correct preliminary diagnosis,exclude complicating diseases,and timely conduct additional laboratory studies(biochemical,mycotoxicological,serological,PCR).
发布时间：2024-06-13
43. Research and prospect of high speed precision seeding technology and equipment
摘要： [Objective]Insufficient arable land and low levels of crop yields have become constraints to agricultural mechanised production.The implementation and promotion of high-speed precision seeding technology is a necessary means to improve crop yields,increase production efficiency,reduce production costs,as well as ensure food security and economic development.[Method]The report briefly reviewed the current status of the development of high-speed precision seeding technology and the level of research on equipment in China.The research process of different types of high-speed precision seeding equipment was summarized.Based on the key technologies in this field,the scientific problems and difficulties in the development of high-speed precision seeding equipment under the current planting mode and environment were introduced.According to the agronomy requirements of crop species,focus on the main principles and core technologies of different types of high-speed precision seeding equipment such as anti-blocking device,seeding device,seed guide device,profiling mechanism,and covering the soil suppression device in domestic and foreign research,as well as the representative research results and frontier progress in this field were mainly described.[Result]Summarized the current research status of the development of high-speed precision seeding technology and equipment.[Conclusion]Based on the technical characteristics of high-speed precision seeding equipment and the actual needs of agricultural mechanization in different regions,the research direction and development plan of high-speed precision seeding technology in the future were put forward,hoping to provide reference for scientific and technological workers in this field.
发布时间：2024-06-13
44. Directions for improving field sprayer structures considering the increasing environmental requirements for pesticide application
摘要： [Objective]To study the impact of pesticide application methods and conditions in crop production on the quality of the technological process performed and to substantiate directions for improvement of field sprayer structures to reduce the environmental impact.[Method]The quality of application of pesticide solutions was investigated under laboratory and field conditions using standard and developed methods.The influence of sprayer installation parameters relative to the treated surface,wind speed and direction,structural parameters of wind protective devices of the spray pattern on the quality of distribution of the working liquid was studied.[Result]The results of pesticide droplet movement research under various factors are summarized.The directions of possible improvement of spray liquid distribution quality by proper installation of atomizers,providing smooth running and damping of boom oscillations during sprayer movement,reducing losses due to drift and using various designs of wind protective devices of the spray pattern are proved.[Conclusion]The recommendations on the use of hydraulic sprayers in windy weather are given.Technological parameters of wind protective devices of the spray pattern are proved.The recommendations on development of boom vibration stabilization and damping systems based on the use of elastic and damping elements are proposed.The designs for boom stabilization and vibration damping systems based on the use of elastic and damping elements are developed.A system for changing the boom position in relation to the surface to be treated during sprayer operation is offered.The obtained results are implemented in the development of agricultural machinery designs for chemical plant protection.
发布时间：2024-06-13
45. The role of the educational institution"Grodno State University as a University of Model 3.0 in the development of agro-industrial complex of the Grodno region
摘要： [Objective]The most important direction of training of highly qualified specialists in agricultural production and implementation of scientific and innovative developments in the agro-industrial complex of the Grodno region is the use of modern approaches in the organization of educational,research processes and commercialization of scientific research based on the"University 3.0"model.[Method]The chain"education-science-production-commercialization",which corresponds to the concept of"University 3.0",should work to ensure that education prepares excellent specialists with the help of the latest achievements of science and technology.In the future,such specialists will participate in the creation of new scientific directions,implement their own scientific ideas,organize the commercialization of acquired knowledge and developed innovations directly in production.The role of the higher education institution of the"University 3.0"model is to ensure deep integration of educational,scientific and innovative activities with the external environment and establish close ties with business.Students,Teachers and researchers should get an idea of how the business works and how cooperation with real companies is possible. On the other hand,higher education institutions should develop an infrastructure to support their own entrepreneurial initiatives,entrepreneurs should work inside the university.They are needed to promote new educational programs,scientific research,and create innovative enterprises at the university.For a researcher,a teacher and a university employee,combined work at such an enterprise is a good opportunity to test the results of their scientific activities,to try to implement their own innovative developments,to get a material reward. In this regard,Grodno State Agrarian University has some experience in using the"University 3.0"model in the organization of the educational and research process,commercialization of scientific developments and organization of the production of innovative products.This is due to the fact that the university trains personnel for the real sector of the economy and graduates of the GGAU are sent to work at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of the republic for the positions of responsible specialists and middle-level managers(and sometimes senior)-the head of the farm,foreman,head of the complex,head of the production team,chief specialist and others.At agricultural enterprises,university graduates,having a certain economic and business independence,should maximize not only the acquired professional knowledge,but also the ability to organize effective business,commercial and entrepreneurial initiatives. [Result]Currently,the university has a number of structural subdivisions that carry out their activities according to the type of"University 3.0". Scientific research at the university is carried out on a modern scientific and technical basis,which includes: -branch research laboratory; -experimental field of the university with an area of 104 hectares; -breeding center for the creation of new varieties of grain crops of the bakery direction; -branch Biotechnology Laboratory for the Reproduction of Farm Animals; -research garden with fruit storage; -branch research laboratory"DNA-technologies"; -scientific Center for Beekeeping; -veterinary University Clinic «UniВетЭксперт». The experimental research site of the EI"GSAU"is an educational,scientific and production center of the university model 3.0. Its areas of activity are extensive and include: -educational; -scientific-research; -commercial; -production activities. The area of the experimental research site is 104 hectares,of which the research garden occupies 5 hectares,agrochemical center for testing plant protection products-34 hectares,the breeding center for the creation of new varieties of grain crops of the bakery direction-18 hectares. BRL"DNA Technologies"is engaged in testing animals to confirm the control of the authenticity of origin,for the presence of genetically determined diseases,according to genes responsible for economically useful qualities.The branch biotechnological laboratory for reproduction of farm animals has developed a biotechnological system for obtaining bovine embryos using in vitro and in vivo methods that allow mass production of embryos to create highly productive herds of animals,obtain embryos from animals with reproductive tract problems and increase the genetic potential and efficiency of animal reproduction.The veterinary clinic"UniВетЭксперт"is equipped with the latest equipment,on which specialists quickly and efficiently carry out endoscopic,ultrasound,X-ray examinations in agricultural and domestic animals. On the scientific and technical basis of the university,research is carried out on the preparation of master's,candidate's and doctoral dissertations,internships are conducted to improve the qualifications of citizens of the Republic of Belarus and foreign citizens.[Conclusion]Thus,the further use of structural subdivisions of the Grodno State Agrarian University of the"University 3.0"model and the creation of new formations of this type is the most important factor in improving the quality of training of agricultural production specialists,combining professional knowledge,organizational skills,business acumen and the ability to organize entrepreneurial and commercial activities at agricultural enterprises,increasing their effectiveness.
发布时间：2024-06-13
46. Innovative solutions in agrarian science on the example of"Belarusian State Orders of the October Revolution and Labor Red Banner Agricultural Academy"
摘要： Academy scientists conduct scientific research in a variety of fields ranging from the concept of economic development of the agro-industrial complex to the development and implementation of innovative technologies for farming and animal husbandry. The research results of the scientists of the academy are implemented in the form of new types of scientific and technical products,and are also used in the educational process.Over the past 5 years,179 innovations have been created,including 50 varieties and hybrids,1 veterinary preparation;20 new components;3 technical developments;93 recommendations for industries;12 technologies. Currently,the Academy has at its disposal two accredited research laboratories,a biotechnological laboratory for plant growing,an educational and scientific center"Experimental fields of the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy",etc.,which are equipped with modern instruments,equipment and technology,which allows them to carry out scientific research on the proper theoretical and methodological level. A great role in the transition to innovative technologies belongs to technoparks.In 2017,the only scientific and technological park was created in the system of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Belarus,which is a platform for promoting agricultural science-intensive developments focused on the integration of the intellectual potential of agricultural science and the creation of conditions for the promotion of modern scientific ideas,technologies,management methods in the agro-industrial sector of Belarus.and the Eurasian Economic Union.Technopark"Gorki"supports and interacts with startups,businesses,scientists and investors connected with the agricultural production and services."Technopark Gorki"is engaged in agricultural scientific developments and the dissemination of advanced technologies-this is precision farming,the use of drones for fertilization and plant protection products,smart technologies and the Internet of things.It also supports the development of young scientists of the BSAA.Scientists and students of the academy take part in the activities of the technopark,which allows creating an industrial cluster in the field of agricultural biotechnologies and green economy.In fact,the technopark is an intermediate link between producers of modern unique agricultural products and end consumers,that is agricultural producers.
发布时间：2024-06-13
47. On-demand irrigation achieved high WUE and NUE and grain yield of winter wheat by regulating root vertical distribution
摘要： [Objective]The winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production of the North China Plain is threatened by increasing water shortages.Therefore,the invention of effective irrigation techniques is crucial to maintain high yields of winter wheat through improved water use efficiency(WUE).[Method]In this study,field experiments were carried out in the North China Plain region in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014.Based on the soil moisture regulation at sowing to ensure the normal emergence of the winter wheat,four supplemental irrigation(SI)regimes were set up:no-irrigation after emergence(T1),SI at jointing and anthesis(T2),SI at sowing,jointing and anthesis(T3),and SI at pre-wintering,jointing and anthesis(T4).[Result]The results showed that the root length density(RLD),root surface area density(RAD),and root weight density(RWD)in the 0-0.2 m soil layer from T2 increased rapidly after jointing and were significantly higher than those from T3 and T4 at anthesis.Those of T2 in the 0.6-0.8 m and 0.8-1.0 m soil layers were also significantly higher at anthesis.T2 was significantly higher than T1 in the photosynthetic rate(Pn)and instantaneous water use efficiency(WUEleaf)of flag leaves,post-anthesis dry matter accumulation(DMA),contribution of DMA to grain(CDMA),grain yield and WUE,but lower than T1 in the pre-anthesis dry matter remobilization efficiency(DMRE)and contribution of DMR to grain(CDMR).T2 had significantly lower plant populations and dry matter at jointing,Pn and WUEleaf at 28 days after anthesis,DMA and CDMA,but higher dry matter increase rate after jointing,tiller survival rate,DMR,DMRE,CDMR and WUE.The combined effect of these differences enabled T2 to have yield that was not significantly different to T4.In summary,SI at joining and anthesis that was based on suitable soil water content at sowing increased the absorbing area of roots in both deep and surface soil layers;accelerated the dry matter accumulation after jointing;increased the Pn and WUEleaf of flag leaves,DMA and DMR;and finally achieved a high grain yield and higher WUE.However,excessive irrigation reduced the WUE by inhibiting the redistribution of dry matter,although the WUEleaf of flag leaves was still increased. Crop nitrogen(N)uptake depends on the root absorption area and the soil N availability which are closely related to the soil water status.With the increasing water shortages in the North China Plain,supplemental irrigation(SI)to winter wheat is a promising technique.To clarify the relationships between water and nitrogen use,four SI regimes in Tritcum aestivum L.cv.Jimai 22 were set up:no-irrigation after emergence(T1),SI at jointing and anthesis(T2),SI at sowing,jointing,and anthesis(T3),and SI at pre-wintering,jointing,and anthesis(T4).The results indicate that T2 had higher root length density(RLD)and root surface area density(RAD)in the 0-20,60-80,and 80-100 cm soil layers,as well as higher post-anthesis N uptake from soil by 23-26%in 2012-2013 and 162-177%in 2013-2014,compared to T3 and T4.The grain yield under T2 was lower than T3 but was not significantly different from T4,whereas its water use efficiency(WUE)was higher relative to both T3 and T4.There were no significant differences among T2,T3,and T4 in N use efficiency(NUE).The N uptake after jointing and WUE were positively correlated with the RLD and RAD in the 0-20 cm soil layer.The NUE was positively correlated with the RLD and RAD in the 20-40 cm soil layer.[Conclusion]These results indicate that timely SI at jointing and anthesis was dependent on a suitable water supply at sowing,which increased the soil water content in the upper soil layer after jointing and improved the absorption area of the roots in both the deep and surface soil layers;this further improved the post-anthesis N uptake from the soil and the WUE.This approach can be a valuable way to maintain high grain yields and NUE in winter wheat while using less irrigation and achieving higher WUE in the North China Plain.
发布时间：2024-06-13
48. The current situation of soybeans and buckwheat culture on the russian market
摘要： For many years,the Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops,Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution has been developing effective breeding methods and creating high-yielding varieties of peas,soybeans,fodder beans,lupine,vetch,beans,lentils and chickpeas that meet the requirements of intensive agriculture,as well as improving technologies for their cultivation and industrial seed production,which ensure stable yields in various soil and climatic conditions.
发布时间：2024-06-13
49. National Food Security Strategy of the Republic of Belarus:scientific support and implementation mechanisms
摘要： [Objective]The report reflects the major objectives of the Republic of Belarus in ensuring national food security and sustainable socio-economic development of Agro-Industrial Complex.It is shown that the modern strategy of ensuring the food security of the Republic is based on self-sufficiency in the main types of agricultural products and food,the development of strong agriculture,as well as the implementation of socio-economic policy aimed at improving the level and quality of nutrition of the population.The main provisions of the Doctrine of National Food Security of the Republic of Belarus until 2030 are presented,which was developed by the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus together with government bodies and approved by the government of the country,key goals,objectives,indicators and mechanisms for their achievement are identified.The tasks of scientific support of all sectors of Agro-Industrial Complex,food security and nutrition of the population as one of the key directions of development of the Republic of Belarus are substantiated.[Method]The Institute of System Researches in Agro-Industrial Complex of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus annually carries out the instrumentally applied methodology for monitoring food security,which covers the entire agro-food chain,from the production of agricultural raw materials,processing,marketing to the consumption of products by the population.It includes a balanced system of indicators and their threshold values-60 basic and more than 250 additional indicators.[Result]Based on the monitoring results,it was established that Belarus is increasing its production potential by implementing a number of breakthrough areas in the development of Agro-Industrial Complex:measures to modernize farms with full automation of production processes using smart farm technology and milking robots;developments aimed at preserving and improving soil fertility;development of technologies based on deep processing of livestock and crop raw materials and new types of products with high added value.The domestic industry of specialized and functional nutrition products is developing rapidly.[Conclusion]It is crucial for the Republic of Belarus and,in particular,for the organizations of the National Academy of Sciences,to actively participate in the implementation of initiatives in the scientific support of the food security strategy within the Union State,the Eurasian Economic Union,the CIS,as well as with the People's Republic of China.This will allow consolidating the efforts of agricultural scientists in our countries and achieving the key development objectives of our countries in the field of Agro-Industrial Complex on a cooperative basis.
发布时间：2024-06-13