黄土高原典型小流域水土流失治理成效分析
Effects of Soil and Water Loss Control in typical small watershed of Loess Plateau
科学开展流域水土流失治理工程效益评价既是客观反映工程自身规律必然要求,也是对区域水土流失治理成效评价的前提与基础。以山西木窑沟小流域为研究对象,基于三因子水土流失评价模型、对比分析等方法,对流域水土流失治理工程实施前(2015年)和实施后(2019年)土壤侵蚀状况进行对比研究。结果表明:(1)工程实施 3年以来,流域水土流失综合治理度增加约 1%;流域林草覆盖率提高约 3%,其中,流域低覆盖、中覆盖、高覆盖区分别增加 0.7%、2.78%和 2.4%;(2)流域水土流失状况"减量、降级"特征明显。2019年流域土壤侵蚀面积较 2015年减少 153.19hm2;在侵蚀强度方面,流域强烈侵蚀面积减少 55%,极强烈侵蚀面积减少 22.3%,国家水土保持重点工程实施取得明显成效。
Evaluation of benefits of water and soil loss control projects in Basins is not only the inevitable requirement of objectively reflecting the laws of the project itself,but also the premise and basis of the effectiveness evaluation of regional soil and water loss control.Taking the Muyaogou watershed in Shanxi Province as the research object,based on the three factor soil erosion evaluation model and comparative analysis methods,the soil erosion before and after the implementation of soil and water conservation project was analyzed.The results show that(1)after the implementation of the national key projects for soil and water conservation,the comprehensive control degree of soil erosion and water loss in the watershed has increased from 73.68%in 2015 to 74.58%in 2019.The forest and grass coverage in 2019 was 2.91%higher than that in 2015.In addition,the low coverage area,middle coverage area and high coverage area increased by 0.7%,2.78%and 2.4%respectively.(2)The water and soil loss in the basin is characterized by"reduction and degradation".The area of soil erosion in 2019 decreased by 153.19hm2 compared with that in 2015,among which,the strong,extremely strong area decreased by 55%,and 22.3%,respectively.The above results show that the implementation of national key soil and water conservation projects achieved remarkable results.
赵阳;张永娥;
中国水利水电科学研究院 北京 100038;中国水利水电科学研究院 北京 100038;
Small watershed Soil erosion control Soil erosion intensity
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