托克逊县不同配置防护林的防风蚀特征研究
Research on Anti-wind Erosion Characteristics of Different protection forest in Tuokexun County
[目的]对比分析不同配置防护林的防风蚀效能,为干旱区绿洲城市防沙治沙以及改善生态环境提供理论依据。[方法]以托克逊县城郊防护林为研究对象,通过观测风速,起沙风速,近地表粗糙度,输沙量,风沙流结构等指标,对梭梭林、混交林1(胡杨占68%+柽柳占32%)、混交林2(胡杨占35%+柽柳占65%)进行不同配置林地的防风蚀效能对比研究。[结果]结果表明不同配置防护林的地表粗糙度、起沙风速、风速廓线、防风阻沙效能都有差异。粗糙度随高度的增加而降低,地表粗糙度越高,降低地表风速的能力越强;各样地粗糙度从高到底依次为混交林2(0.569cm)>混交林1(0.378cm)>梭梭林(0.123cm)。起沙风速高到低依次为混交林 2(6.17m/s)>梭梭林(6.02m/s)>混交林 1(5.98m/s)。风速随高度的增加而增大,防风效能随高度的增加而降低;防风效能强到弱依次为混交林 2>混交林 1>梭梭林。不同垂直高度集沙量均存在差异,输沙量随高度的增加而减少,其中0-10cm,10-20cm垂直高度上集沙量占比较高,阻沙效能依次为梭梭林(48.2%)>混交林2(45.6%)>混交林1(37.1%)。[结论]混交林2有效降低不同垂直高度的风速及输沙量,混交林2的防风蚀效能较高。
[Objective]To compare and analyze the anti-wind erosion effects of different configurations of shelter forests,to provide a theoretical basis for sand prevention and control in oasis cities in arid areas and to improve the ecological environment.[Method]Taking the shelter forest in the outskirts of Tuokexun County as the research object,a comparative study on the wind erosion prevention efficiency of different allocation forests was carried out on Haloxylon ammodendron,mixed forest 1(Populus euphratica68%+ Tamarix chinensis32%),and mixed forest 2(Populus euphratica 35%+ Tamarix chinensis 65%),By observing wind speed,sand blowing wind speed,near-surface roughness,sand transport,wind-sand flow structure and other indicators.[result]The results show that:the surface roughness,wind-proof efficiency,sand-generating wind speed,wind speed profile,and sand-resistance efficiency of different configurations of shelterbelts are different.The roughness decreases with the increase in height.The higher the surface roughness,the stronger the ability to reduce the wind speed on the surface.The roughness of each plot from high to bottom is mixed forest 2(0.569cm)>mixed forest 1(0.378cm)>Haloxylon ammodendron(0.123cm).The order of sand blowing wind speed from high to low is mixed forest 2(6.17m/s)>Haloxylon ammodendron(6.02m/s)>mixed forest 1(5.98m/s).The wind speed increases with the increase in height,and the wind-proof efficiency decreases with the increase in height;the wind-proof efficiency is strong to weak in the order of mixed forest 2>mixed forest 1>haloxylon.There are differences in the amount of sediment collected at different vertical heights,and the amount of sediment transport decreases with the increase of height.Among them,the amount of sediment collected at vertical heights of 0-10cm and 10-20cm is relatively high.The order of sand blocking efficiency was Haloxylon ammodendron(48.2%)>mixed forest 2(45.6%)>mixed forest 1(37.1%).[Conclusion]The mixed forest 2 effectively reduced the wind speed and sediment transport at different vertical heights,and the mixed forest 2 had higher wind erosion prevention efficiency.
若山古丽·芒力克;阿丽亚·拜都热拉;蔡凯旭;董仲凯;宋敏;
新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,新疆,乌鲁木齐,830052;新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,新疆,乌鲁木齐,830052;新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,新疆,乌鲁木齐,830052;新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,新疆,乌鲁木齐,830052;新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,新疆,乌鲁木齐,830052;
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